Variations in the ceramide profile in different seasons and regions of the body contribute to stratum corneum functions

Ishikawa, Junko; Shimotoyodome, Yoshie; Ito, Shotaro; Miyauchi, Yuhei; Fujimura, Tsutomu; Kitahara, Takashi; Hase, Tadashi

doi:10.1007/s00403-012-1286-5

Cited by 66 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Furthermore, Ishikawa et al ., also observed seasonal variation in ceramide levels on several body sites (arm, hand and lip) and decreases in CER [EOS] and [EOH] on cheek and hand body sites. Similarly, ceramide chain lengths were slightly shorter in winter . These findings need to be taken into consideration if any skin barrier study is conducted across the seasons.…”

Section: Variations In Sc Ceramide Levelsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Similarly, in aged dry leg skin the demonstration of an altered lipid composition or differing molecular organization is not always apparent. Ishikawa et al ., demonstrated that all ceramide species decreased with skin dryness, roughness and scaliness on legs, and this was significant for CER [EOP], [NDS], [NH], [NP], [ADS], [AH] and [AP], but there was no change in ceramide chain lengths. Tamura et al .…”

Section: Variations In Sc Ceramide Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The chemistry, function and (patho)physiology of stratum corneum barrier ceramides

Moore¹,

Rawlings²

2017

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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Research on understanding of the chemistry, function and (patho)-physiology of stratum corneum (SC) lipids and especially ceramides has evolved over the last two decades. This has been made successful through the application of separation techniques that have become increasingly more sophisticated, and it has become increasingly evident that our understanding of these molecules remains in its infancy. Thirteen classes of ceramides with over 300 and possibly up to 1000 distinct ceramide species have been identified suggesting an exquisitely subtle relationship between the types of ceramides and physical and chemical behaviour. Nevertheless, research has demonstrated the importance of the correct SC lipid lamellar architecture with conformationally-ordered lipid bilayers, the presence of long-chain ceramides, as either free or covalently bound lipids, greater quantities of phytosphingosine-containing ceramides and a high SC lipid/protein ratio is essential for optimal barrier function. These features are known to change in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Clearly, there is more to be learned but as we further decipher the complexity of SC lipids and understand their individual roles in the SC, we will learn how to better treat the disorders of cornification.R esum e Des recherches sur la compr ehension de la chimie, de la fonction et de la (patho)physiologie des lipides du stratum corneum (SC) et en particulier des c eramides ont evolu e au cours des deux derni eres d ecennies. Cela a et e couronn e de succ es grâce a l'application de techniques de s eparation qui sont devenues de plus en plus sophistiqu ees et il est devenu de plus en plus evident que notre compr ehension de ces mol ecules reste a ses d ebuts. Treize classes de c eramides avec plus de 300 et eventuellement jusqu' a 1000 esp eces distinctes de c eramide ont et e identifi ees, ce qui sugg ere une relation tr es subtile entre les types de c eramides et le comportement physicochimique. N eanmoins, la recherche a d emontr e l'importance de l'exactitude de l'architecture lamellaire lipidique du SC avec la conformation en bicouches lipidiques, de la pr esence de c eramides a longue chaîne, qu'ils soient libres ou li es de fac ßon covalante, de la plus grandes quantit es de c eramides contenant de la phytosphingosine et un taux elev e de lipides / prot eines du SC, est essentiel pour une fonction de barri ere optimale. Ces caract eristiques sont connues pour varier suivant les conditions physiologiques et pathophysiologiques. De toute evidence, il y a plus a apprendre, mais a mesure que nous d echiffrions davantage la complexit e des lipides du SC et que nous comprenons leurs rôles individuels dans le SC, nous apprendrons a mieux traiter les troubles de la k eratinisation.

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Section: Variations In Sc Ceramide Levelsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Variations In Sc Ceramide Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemistry, function and (patho)physiology of stratum corneum barrier ceramides

Moore¹,

Rawlings²

2017

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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“…Other classes found in SC include triacylglycerol (TAG), diacylglycerol (DAG) and cholesterol esters (CE)2. Lipidomic studies of skin have demonstrated that age, gender, ethnicity, and season of the year affect the skin lipid composition3. Likewise, alterations of lipid profiles were linked to dermatological and systemic diseases, like atopic dermatitis45, hereditary ichthyosis6 or Netherton syndrome7.…”

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confidence: 99%

Large-scale human skin lipidomics by quantitative, high-throughput shotgun mass spectrometry

Sadowski¹,

Klose²,

Gerl³

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

121

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The lipid composition of human skin is essential for its function; however the simultaneous quantification of a wide range of stratum corneum (SC) and sebaceous lipids is not trivial. We developed and validated a quantitative high-throughput shotgun mass spectrometry-based platform for lipid analysis of tape-stripped SC skin samples. It features coverage of 16 lipid classes; total quantification to the level of individual lipid molecules; high reproducibility and high-throughput capabilities. With this method we conducted a large lipidomic survey of 268 human SC samples, where we investigated the relationship between sampling depth and lipid composition, lipidome variability in samples from 14 different sampling sites on the human body and finally, we assessed the impact of age and sex on lipidome variability in 104 healthy subjects. We found sebaceous lipids to constitute an abundant component of the SC lipidome as they diffuse into the topmost SC layers forming a gradient. Lipidomic variability with respect to sampling depth, site and subject is considerable, and mainly accredited to sebaceous lipids, while stratum corneum lipids vary less. This stresses the importance of sampling design and the role of sebaceous lipids in skin studies.

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“…CERs are traditionally described as the “cement” that joins the corneocytes to form the SC wall over the epidermis; thus, they are pivotal for control of water loss in the skin. Actually, some studies have suggested that an abnormality in the CERs profile reflects impairment in SC functions, such hydration . In this regard, it has been demonstrated that regions of lower hydration have a lower amount of total CERs, evidenced in regions such as scalp, forehead, cheek, lip, upper arm, back of the hand, palm of the hand, finger, buttock, and lower leg .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Actually, some studies have suggested that an abnormality in the CERs profile reflects impairment in SC functions, such hydration . In this regard, it has been demonstrated that regions of lower hydration have a lower amount of total CERs, evidenced in regions such as scalp, forehead, cheek, lip, upper arm, back of the hand, palm of the hand, finger, buttock, and lower leg . In particular, a positive correlation of capacitance and the levels of CER [ADS], CER [AH], CER [AP], CER [AS], CER [EOH], CER [EOP], CER [EOS], CER [NH], CER [NDS], and CER [NS] has been described .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive mapping of human body skin hydration: A pilot study

Cortés

Mendoza‐Muñoz

Galván‐Gil³

et al. 2018

Skin Research and Technology

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Background Previous studies analyzed a series of representative anatomical regions in the human body; however, there is a wide structural and cellular variability in the constitution of the skin. Our objective was to perform a comprehensive assessment of human skin hydration throughout the largest possible area. Materials and Methods Hydration was registered by Corneometer® CM825 probe in 23 anatomical regions of five healthy men. Each zone was analyzed by 2‐cm segments in the supine, prone, and lateral positions. A total of 7863 measurements were registered. Results Differences in the degree of hydration among the prone, supine, and lateral regions were observed. The chest and back showed a pattern of increased hydration toward the neck area. Higher levels of hydration were evidenced in the proximal areas and in the regions near the elbow and knee. The regions of greater mechanical wear and with greater exposure to the sun exhibited a lower degree of hydration. Conclusion The human skin exhibited hydration patterns influenced by anatomical function and the degree of sun exposure. Detailed information of the hydration patterns could serve as reference for the design of topical products, as an indicator of their effectiveness, and for the monitoring of skin pathologies.

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Variations in the ceramide profile in different seasons and regions of the body contribute to stratum corneum functions

Cited by 66 publications

References 31 publications

The chemistry, function and (patho)physiology of stratum corneum barrier ceramides

The chemistry, function and (patho)physiology of stratum corneum barrier ceramides

Large-scale human skin lipidomics by quantitative, high-throughput shotgun mass spectrometry

Comprehensive mapping of human body skin hydration: A pilot study

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