Variations in the arrangement of the branches arising from the aortic arch in American whites and negroes

Multidetector computed tomography evaluation of aortic arch and branching variants

“…However, the majority of studies have reported that this is the second most common variant, with a prevalence rate of between 2.5 and 8%. [5,19] In addition, Natsis et al [5] reported that this variant occurred at a rate of 0.8% in their study that utilized DSA, which to our knowledge is lowest prevalence rate in the literature. Their findings, however, could be the result of misinterpretations of vertebral artery occlusions when the DSA was performed.…”

“…[3,4,6,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19] In our study, 89.4% of the patients had a normal aortic arch while nearly 10% of patients had aortic arch variations. This result was higher than in the study by Nelson and Sparks [3] (5.8%), but it was lower than what Thomson [18] in an English cadaver series (17.6%) and Natsis et al [5] in a Greek angiography series (17%) found.…”

“…Many studies have reported that the second most common variant is the LCC originating from the BT, but these contain a wide variety of prevalence rates that range from 0.9 to 45.6%. [13,19] However, if a V-shaped origin for the BT and LCC were also included, this percentage would be higher. Layton et al [21] reported that V-shaped branching was present in 13% of their patients.…”

Retro-oesophageal right subclavian artery in association with thyroid ima artery: a case report, clinical impact and review of the literature

“…The occurrence of the RERSA varies widely between 0.8% and 37% among various populations, the higher figure corresponds to the incidence in Down syndrome patients with congenital heart disease [9,29,41,58,70]. The higher reported incidence with a wide range of 2.46-9.7% were found in African Americans by Bean (1905) and Loth (1912) as cited by De Garis et al [21], followed by Germans (4%) [55], Japanese (3.95%) [48] and South Africans (1.4%) [17].…”

“…Hunald first described the aberrant vessel on a necropsy in 1735 and Bayford coined the term 'dysphagia lusoria' in 1761, after discovering a retro-oesophageal RSA -RERSA (arteria lusoria) compressing the oesophagus in a 62-year-old woman who suffered from swallowing difficulty and eventually died of emaciation [5]. The BT absence and the arteria lusoria presence are the findings used to identify the non-recurrent right laryngeal nerve (NRLN) [70]. Occasionally, a thin anomalous feeding vessel, the thyroid ima artery (IMA) or artery of Neu-bauer ascending to the thyroid gland is detected in 1.5-12.2% according to Faller and Scharer (1947) as cited by Krudy et al [37].…”