Variations in Serum Free Thyroxine Concentration Within the Reference Range Predicts the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Non-Obese Adults: A Cohort Study

Mehran, Ladan; Amouzegar, Atieh; Bakhtiyari, Mahmood; Mansournia, Mohammad Alì; Rahimabad, Parnian Kheirkhah; Tohidi, Maryam; Azizi, Fereidoun

doi:10.1089/thy.2016.0557

Cited by 36 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…On the other hand, results of the present study showed that in the RR, serum FT4 exerts more notable effects on BP, especially SBP, compared to serum TSH. This reciprocal finding regarding the effect of serum TSH and FT4 has been observed in several cross-sectional [23,27] and cohort studies extracted from TTS data [28] also other surveys [29]. It is suggested that FT4 is a more reliable index for evaluation of thyroid function at the cellular levels; moreover, TSH changes following deviations in serum levels of FT4 is less vigorous whenever deviations are minimal [30].…”

Section: Total Populationsupporting

confidence: 55%

Associations Between Thyroid and Blood Pressure in Euthyroid Adults: A 9-Year Longitudinal Study

et al. 2018

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Longitudinal studies considering associations between thyroid function in the reference range (RR) with blood pressure (BP) are scarce and contradictory. We aimed to investigate the associations of serum thyrotropin (TSH) and free T4 (FT4) with different components of BP also incident prehyperetension (preHTN) and HTN during a 9-year follow-up. A sum of 2282 euthyroid individuals from an ongoing population-based cohort study were selected. A sex-stratified multivariate generalized estimating equation (GEE) method was employed. Moreover, a multivariate transitional model was used considering preceding BP status as a predictor of dichotomous outcomes of preHTN and HTN. Multivariate-adjusted GEE analysis revealed a decreasing trend for systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) throughout the study period in both men and women, either adjusted for serum TSH or FT4 levels. Serum FT4 within the RR was positively associated with all BP parameters in total population and in men, but serum TSH had a statistically significant mild increasing effect only on SBP, DBP and MAP of men. Multivariate transitional model found no association between serum TSH levels within the reference range (RR) and BP status; regarding serum FT4, a 1 ng/dl higher FT4 was associated with 40% increased risk of preHTN [OR (95% CI), 1.40 (1.02-1.90)], but not with HTN [OR (95% CI), 0.93 (0.80-1.09)]. It is concluded that serum FT4 within the RR is more strongly associated with BP parameters compared to TSH. This association is not consistent between men and women. Moreover, higher FT4 is associated with increased risk of preHTN.

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Section: Total Populationsupporting

confidence: 55%

Associations Between Thyroid and Blood Pressure in Euthyroid Adults: A 9-Year Longitudinal Study

et al. 2018

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“…In addition, Dreyfus et al reported a cumulative incidence of 24.8% in 2,534 African-American and white women aged 18-30 years during a 25-year follow-up. 12 However, in Asians, some studies 13,14 discussed the association between MS incidence and subject factors including ages 20-30 years, but the incidence of MS in young people is unclear. Also, in Japan, one retrospective study reported a MS incidence of 9.2% in 877 men workers aged 30-35 according to Japanese criteria using BMI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Young Japanese Adults in a 6-Year Cohort Study: The Uguisudani Preventive Health Large-Scale Cohort Study (UPHLS)

Haruyama

Nakagawa²,

Kato³

et al. 2020

Journal of Epidemiology

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Introduction: To clarify the incidences of metabolic syndrome (MS) and risks in young Japanese adults by gender. Methods: A total of 58,901 adults who had undergone annual health check-ups in 2010 without a diagnosis of MS or missing data were divided into three age groups (20s through 40s) by gender. Participants were followed up for 6 years for new-onset MS according to Japanese criteria. The incidences of MS and risks were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model to adjust for confounding factors. Results: The incidences of MS per 1,000 person-years were 2.2, 5.5, and 10.2 for women aged in their 20s, 30s, and 40s, respectively, and 26.3, 40.5, and 57.4 in the respective men groups. Compared with the group aged in their 40s, the hazard ratios of new MS were 0.19 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13-0.29) for women in their 20s and 0.50 (95% CI, 0.41-0.61) for women in their 30s, and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.42-0.50) and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.66-0.73) for men in their 20s and 30s, respectively, after adjustment for lifestyle factors. For women, MS was associated with smoking in their 20s and 30s, and eating speed in their 30s, and for men, was associated with physical activity, eating speed, alcohol intake in their 20s and 30s, and smoking in their 30s. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the incidences of MS in the 20s and 30s are lower, but account for about 20-50% of women with MS and 50-70% of men with MS in their 40s. However, the data are not negligible and early lifestyle intervention for MS is necessary in young adults. Study participants (N=58,901) Number of participants in follow-up years 1 year (n=9,541) 2 years (n=4,882) 3 years (n=3,946) 4 years (n=3,155) 5 years (n=1,755) 6 years (n=35,622) Excluded criteria during 6-year follow-up 1. Missing values on diagnosis of MS (n=1,317) 2. Pregnancy in women (n=1,124)

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“…Consequently, it was proposed that PGC-1α might represent a link between thyroid hormone action, mitochondrial function and the metabolic phenotypes in diabetes [25]. Recent population-based studies with a prospective design have demonstrated an association between changes in thyroid hormones within the euthyroid/ subclinical ranges and the incidence of metabolic syndrome [33] and Type 2 diabetes [34]. However, patients with changes in thyroid function towards subclinical hypothyroidism due to HT differ from patients with endogenous hypothyroid conditions.…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Gene Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1α in Whole Blood in Euthyroid Patients One Year After Hemithyroidectomy for Benign Euthyroid Goiter

et al. 2019

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We have previously reported decreased thyroid function within the laboratory reference range and changes in mitochondrial function after hemithyroidectomy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and coactivator-1β (PGC-1β) are key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. The aim was to examine the influence of hemithyroidectomy on the longitudinal change in mRNA expression of these genes. In addition, we measured longitudinal changes in mRNA expressions of the mitochoncrial-related genes nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and sodium dismutase 2 (SOD2). Twenty-eight patients were examined before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after hemithyroidectomy for benign euthyroid goiter. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones were measured, and whole blood gene expression of PGC-1α, PGC-1β, NFE2L2, TFAM, and SOD2 was examined by reverse transcription quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction. We used mixed effect regression models to investigate changes in gene expression with time. Averaged over all follow-up visits, TSH increased (p=0.001), tT3 declined (p=0.01), and fT4/tT3 ratio increased (p=0.03) over one-year follow-up, but fT4 remained unchanged. Averaged over all follow-up visits, whole blood PGC-1α levels (p<0.001) and SOD2 (p=0.009) levels declined, but PGC-1β, TFAM, and NFE2L2 did not change over one-year follow-up. The study demonstrates significant downregulation of whole blood PGC-1α and SOD2 gene expressions in hemithyroidectomized patients with a concomitant increase in TSH concentration within the reference range. Thus, hemithyroidectomized patients may likely have impaired mitochondrial function.

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Variations in Serum Free Thyroxine Concentration Within the Reference Range Predicts the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Non-Obese Adults: A Cohort Study

Abstract: A decrease in serum fT4 values is associated with an increased risk for MetS, especially in non-obese adults.

Cited by 36 publications

References 35 publications

Associations Between Thyroid and Blood Pressure in Euthyroid Adults: A 9-Year Longitudinal Study

Associations Between Thyroid and Blood Pressure in Euthyroid Adults: A 9-Year Longitudinal Study

Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Young Japanese Adults in a 6-Year Cohort Study: The Uguisudani Preventive Health Large-Scale Cohort Study (UPHLS)

Reduced Gene Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1α in Whole Blood in Euthyroid Patients One Year After Hemithyroidectomy for Benign Euthyroid Goiter

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