Variations in precipitation and temperature in Xinjiang (Northwest China) and their connection to atmospheric circulation

Abstract

As one of the most vulnerable types of global ecosystems and water resource systems, arid regions are most sensitive to climate change. The Xinjiang (XJ) region is an important part of the arid region in Central Asia and is representative of global arid regions. The complex topography and underlying surface result in distinct climate change characteristics in XJ. In this study, XJ was divided into five sub-regions: the Irtysh River Basin (IRB), the economic belt on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains (NSTM), the Ili River Basin (ILRB), the Turpan-Hami Basin (THB), and the Tarim River Basin (TRB). The change in temperature and precipitation over XJ and its sub-regions were investigated from 1960 to 2019 using the Mann-Kendall method and cross-wavelet analysis. Moreover, the multi-timescale correlations between the variations in temperature and precipitation and the atmospheric circulation indices were explored. The results show significant warming and wetting trends in XJ from 1960 to 2019. The warming rate was 0.32°C/10 a (p < 0.01), with an abrupt change during the mid-1990s. The increasing rate of precipitation was 9.24 mm/10 a (p < 0.01), with an abrupt change during the middle to late 1990s. In terms of seasonal variation, the greatest warming rate was during winter (0.37°C/10 a), whereas the precipitation increase was concentrated in summer (3.48 mm/10 a). In terms of spatial variation, a significant warming trend was observed in THB, IRB, ILRB, and NSTM, and precipitation increased significantly in ILRB, NSTM, and the western TRB in southern XJ. The Hurst index analysis indicated that the warming and wetting trends in XJ will slow in the future. Climate change in XJ was closely related to atmospheric circulation at multiple timescales. The subtropical high, Northern-Hemisphere polar vortex activities and the Tibetan Plateau have a significant impact on climate change in XJ. The annual mean temperature in XJ was positively correlated with the area and intensity index of the subtropical high over North Africa, Atlantic, and North America, and negatively correlated with the area and intensity index of the Asia polar vortex. The XJ annual precipitation was positively correlated with the index of the Tibet Plateau Region one and negatively correlated with the intensity index of the Atlantic and European polar vortex, and the area and intensity index of the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex. The results of this study can provide some references for the scientific assessment and accurate prediction of climate change in XJ.

Crude Lipopeptides Produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Could Control the Growth of Alternaria alternata and Production of Alternaria Toxins in Processing Tomato

“…However, A. alternata ’s diameter increased at 120 °C, indicating that the activity of the crude lipopeptides was unaffected by different heat treatments below this temperature ( Figure 2 a). The unstable climate change may affect the levels of A. alternata and mycotoxins in tomatoes [ 36 ]; thus, the stable lipopeptides might a good choice.…”

“…Thermal stability results showed that the diameter of A. alternata did not change after the incubation of crude lipopeptides treated at 25 • C and 60 • C. However, A. alternata's diameter increased at 120 • C, indicating that the activity of the crude lipopeptides was unaffected by different heat treatments below this temperature (Figure 2a). The unstable climate change may affect the levels of A. alternata and mycotoxins in tomatoes [36]; thus, the stable lipopeptides might a good choice.…”

Trend Analysis of Climatic Parameters Using Geographical Information Systems: A Case Study of Sivas Province (1982-2021)

“…The MK test and SS method are commonly used for trend analysis of precipitation and temperature (Benjamin L Saitluanga et al, 2021;F N. Kilonzo, 2022;Mohammad Shad et al, 2022;Deepak Tiwari et al, 2021;Mohammed Mainuddin et al, 2022;Rohit Mann et al, 2023;Nutthakarn Phumkokrux et al, 2022;Abdur Rohman et al, 2022;Tagele Mossie Aschale et al, 2023;Guixiang Zhou et al, 2023). These methods allow for the detection of monotonic trends and the estimation of trend magnitudes (F N. Kilonzo, 2022;Mohammad Shad et al, 2022;Rohit Mann et al, 2023).…”

“…SS estimator is commonly used to estimate the magnitude of changes in variables, such as streamflow (Ali et al, 2019) and precipitation (Tayyab et al, 2019). Wavelet analysis has been used to identify the periodicity of streamflow (Chang et al, 2018) and to analyze the interrelationship among temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric circulation indices (Guixiang Zhou et al, 2023). The regional MK test, on the other hand, is used to assess consistent trends across multiple sampling points within a region (Fang et al, 2019).…”