Variations in percutaneous absorption of testosterone in the rhesus monkey due to anatomic site of application and frequency of application

Abstract

This study determines if the anatomic region affected percutaneous absorption in the rhesus monkey, an animal model with some relevance to man. Percutaneous absorption of testosterone (13.3 microgram/cm2) from the ventral forearm was 8.8 +/- 2.5%. Absorption from the chest was slightly less (5.3 +/- 0.6%) while that from the cheek was about the same (9.6 +/- 0.2%). Absorption from the scalp was greatly increased (20.4 +/- 2.7%), that from the vagina was the greatest (63.1 +/- 2.6%). As previously noted in man, anatomic variation in skin absorption exists in the rhesus. The ratio of scalp absorption to ventral forearm absorption in the rhesus was similar to that in man. The next objective was to determine the percutaneous absorption of testosterone when applied as a single dose or on a repetitive basis. There was no substantial difference in total absorption when 13.3 microgram/cm2 was applied as a single dose or when the 13.3 microgram/cm2 was applied three times, totaling 40 microgram/cm2. However, when 40 microgram/cm2 was applied as a single dose, absorption was substantially increased over 13.3 microgram/cm2 applied either once or three times. These results confirm previously reported results done with single versus repetitive doses of hydrocortisone.

Percutaneous absorption and exposure assessment of pesticides

“…As shown for hydrocortisone, absorption from a single application of a high concentration was shown to be greater than the absorption of the same concentration divided into equal doses and applied separately (Wester et al, 1977b). These results were confi rmed with testosterone applied in a similar manner to studies with the rhesus monkey (Wester et al, 1980b). When testosterone was applied as a single dose of 13.3 μg cm −2 , total absorption was found to be 8.8%, while three consecutive applications of the same dose only resulted in a total absorption of 3.0%.…”

“…Consistent with regional patterns in dermal absorption, Ya-Xian et al (1999) reported the number of SC cell [1,6] Benzoic acid [2,3] Caff eine [3] Acetyl-salicylic acid [3] Hydrocortisone [4][5][6] Malathion [7] Parathion [7] TEWL †[8,9] [1] Wester et al (1980b); [2] Rougier et al (1986); [3] Rougier et al (1987a); [4] Feldmann and Maibach (1967);…”

Corticosteroids of Clinical Value in Lipid-Soluble-Chemical-Induced Irritation in Man?

“…We applied corticosteroids twice daily (except for day 1) since this is often the dermatologist's recommended dose in the treatment of ICD. However, studies comparing repetitive dosing to a single dose have failed to reveal increased absorption of corticoids with frequent dosing [22,23].…”

Agricultural Chemical Percutaneous Absorption and Decontamination

“…Skin absorption in the rhesus monkey is considered to be relevant to that of humans. Table 27.10 shows the percutaneous absorption of testosterone (Wester et al, 1980), fenitrothion, aminocarb, and diethyltoluamide (DEET) (Moody and Franklin, 1987;Moody, Benoit et al, 1998) in the rhesus monkey compared with the rat. For the rhesus monkey, there is regional variation between forehead (scalp) and forearm.…”