Variations in particulate matter over Indo-Gangetic Plains and Indo-Himalayan Range during four field campaigns in winter monsoon and summer monsoon: Role of pollution pathways

Sen, Amarnath; Abdelmaksoud, A. S.; Ahammed, Y. Nazeer; Alghamdi, Mansour A.; Banerjee, Tirthankar; Bhat, Mudasir Ahmad; Chatterjee, Abhijit; Choudhuri, Anil K.; Das, Trupti; Dhir, Amit; Dhyani, P. P.; Gadi, Ranu; Ghosh, S. K.; Kumar, Kireet; Khan, Altaf; Khoder, Mamdouh I.; Kumari, K. Maharaj; Kuniyal, Jagdish Chandra; Kumar, Manish; Lakhani, Anita; Mahapatra, Parth Sarathi; Naja, Manish; Pal, Dharam; Pal, Sukanta; Rafiq, Mohammd; Romshoo, Shakil Ahmad; Rashid, Irfan; Saikia, Pallabi; Shenoy, Damodar M.; Sridhar, Vijay; Verma, Nidhi; Vyas, B. M.; Saxena, Mohit; Sharma, Ashima; Sharma, S.K.; Mandal, T. K.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.12.054

Cited by 123 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The presence of huge carbonaceous aerosols over other locations of the Indo-Gangetic Basin has been previously reported by several researchers (Venkataraman et al, 2005;Kumar et al, 2015b, c). In addition to local sources, the city also experiences a significant load of aerosols via long-range transport (Kumar et al, 2015cSen et al, 2017). Varanasi (25.16º N,82.59º E, 77 masl) typically represents an urban setting with sub-tropical semi-arid climate, having four distinct seasons, i.e.…”

Section: Experimental Methods 21 Site Description and General Meteormentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term observation of black carbon aerosols at an urban location over the central Indo-Gangetic Plain, South Asia

Srivastava

Kumar

Singh

et al. 2019

Atm

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Se presentan las primeras mediciones a largo plazo de aerosoles de carbono negro (CN) en una ubicación urbana de la llanura indogangética media (IGP, por sus siglas en inglés). Tanto las variaciones a corto como a largo plazo en CN de 2009 a 2013 se analizan con énfasis específico en la variación de las fuentes de CN, la meteorología, la tendencia y el posible mecanismo de transporte a través de la IGP. Se observó una carga de CN excepcionalmente alta con una media (± DE) de 11.8 (± 8.6), con un patrón estacional fuerte y constante (mediana: 8.8; rango: 1.4-48.0 μg m -3 ). El aumento específico en el invierno (21.5 ± 9.9 μg m -3 ) y la temporada post monzón (17.4 ± 10.2 μg m -3 ) fue consistente con el aumento de las emisiones domésticas y la quema de residuos agrícolas. La masa de CN fue influenciada principalmente por fuentes locales, mientras que el cambio repentino en la concentración de CN fue consistente con el cambio en Delta-C, lo cual indica que las emisiones provienen principalmente de fuentes biogénicas de CN. Además de las fuentes, la altura de la capa límite atmosférica influyó considerablemente en la carga de CN. También se calculó una tendencia creciente monotónica estadísticamente significativa en la concentración de CN (0.9 μg m -3 yr -1 ) junto con sus correspondientes límites de incertidumbre de 95% (0.38-1.52 μg m -3 yr -1 ). Tal aumento gradual en CN fue consistente con el aumento potencial en sus fuentes. Además, se encontró evidencia clara del transporte local y regional de aerosoles de utilizando el modelo lagrangiano de partículas. ABSTRACTThe first ever long-term measurement of black carbon (BC) aerosols over an urban location at the central Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) is presented. Both short-and long-term variations in BC during the period 2009-2013 are discussed with specific emphasis on variation in BC sources, meteorology, trend and possible transport pathways across the IGP. High BC mass loading was noted with a 5-yr composite mean (± SD) of 11.8 (± 8.6) µg m -3 , having strong and consistent seasonal variations (median: 8.8; range: 1.4-48.0 µg m -3 ). Winter (21.5 ± 9.9µ gm -3 ) and post-monsoon (17.4 ± 10.2 µg m -3 ) specific rises in BC mass were consistent with the increase in household emissions, and from agricultural residue burning. The BC mass concentration was mostly influenced by local sources, while sudden change in BC was consistent with the change in Delta-C, indicating emissions primarily from biomass burning. Beside sources, atmospheric boundary layer height was noted to considerably influence short-term variations in BC concentration. A statistically significant monotonic increasing trend in BC concentration (0.9 µg m -3 yr -1 ) was computed along with its 95% uncertainty bounds (0.38-1.52 µ gm -3 yr -1 ). Increase in BC concentration was consistent with a rise in BC sources across the IGP and over India. Furthermore, clear evidence of local and regional scale transport of BC aerosols was found using the particle Lagrangian model.

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Section: Experimental Methods 21 Site Description and General Meteormentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term observation of black carbon aerosols at an urban location over the central Indo-Gangetic Plain, South Asia

Srivastava

Kumar

Singh

et al. 2019

Atm

Self Cite

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“…Additionally, the advection of aerosols from source to receptor may increase the regional aerosol burden [102], thus providing more aerosols for vertical uplift. The shallow ABL during winter season causes to confine the aerosols in a smaller volume [17,103,104]. Therefore, the ABL controls the vertical mixing of aerosols in the atmosphere and hence the AOD values vary during different seasons, provided the relative humidity, temperature, and other meteorological factors support the growth of aerosols as well as production of secondary particles.…”

Section: Aod Climatology and Atmospheric Dynamics Over The Study Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, higher temperature and relative humidity could intensify the hygroscopic growth of atmospheric aerosols. One of the effects of higher temperatures is the increase in convection process and a deep atmospheric boundary layer resulting in higher aerosol loading [17,98,103,104]. Pandithurai et al [124] attributed the higher AOD during afternoon hours to the higher air temperature, strong convection and strong winds.…”

Section: Association Between Trends In Aod and Meteorological Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The list for generating these aerosols includes anthropogenic and natural sources. Natural aerosols (e.g., dust and sea salt) mostly originate from the southern dry regions and the nearby ocean [16,17], while anthropogenic aerosols originate mainly from vehicular and industrial emissions [18][19][20][21]. Dust lifted from the Thar desert, as a result of dust storms during the pre-monsoon season may be associated with increased dust concentration over the Indo-Gangetic-Plane (IGP) [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal Trends of Aerosols over Urban Regions in Pakistan and Their Possible Links to Meteorological Parameters

et al. 2020

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Aerosol optical depth (AOD) has become one of the most crucial parameters for climate change assessment on regional and global scales. The present study investigates trends in AOD using long-term data derived from moderate resolution imaging spectro-radiometer (MODIS) over twelve regions in Pakistan. Different statistical tests are used to assess the annual and seasonal trends in AOD. Results reveal increasing AOD trends over most of the selected regions with an obvious increase over the north and northeastern parts of the study area. Annually, increasing trends (0.0002–0.0047 year−1) were observed over seven regions, with three being statistically significant. All the selected regions experience increasing AOD trends during the winter season with six being statistically significant while during the summer season seven regions experience increasing AOD trends and the remaining five exhibit the converse with two being statistically significant. The changes in the sign and magnitude of AOD trends have been attributed to prevailing meteorological conditions. The decreasing rainfall and increasing temperature trends mostly support the increasing AOD trend over the selected regions. The high/low AOD phases during the study period may be ascribed to the anomalies in mid-tropospheric relative humidity and wind fields. The summer season is generally characterized by high AOD with peak values observed over the regions located in central plains, which can be attributed to the dense population and enhanced concentration of industrial and vehicular emissions over this part of the study area. The results derived from the present study give an insight into aerosol trends and could form the basis for aerosol-induced climate change assessment over the study area.

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“…5d, e) allows for accumulation of aerosols as air masses flow to the southeast across the high-emission IGP region (e.g., Nair et al, 2007;Kumar et al, 2015;Sen et al, 2017). Nair et al (2007) highlights the role of this transport mechanism by showing PM 2.5 levels in the IGP increased with the distance the air mass had traveled from the west.…”

Section: Daily Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the relationship between surface PM<sub>2.5</sub> and meteorology in Northern India

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Northern India (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31) • N, 68-90 • E) is one of the most densely populated and polluted regions in world. Accurately modeling pollution in the region is difficult due to the extreme conditions with respect to emissions, meteorology, and topography, but it is paramount in order to understand how future changes in emissions and climate may alter the region's pollution regime. We evaluate the ability of a developmental version of the new-generation NOAA GFDL Atmospheric Model, version 4 (AM4) to simulate observed wintertime fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and its relationship to meteorology over Northern India. We compare two simulations of GFDL-AM4 nudged to observed meteorology for the period 1980-2016 driven by pollutant emissions from two global inventories developed in support of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phases 5 (CMIP5) and 6 (CMIP6), and compare results with ground-based observations from India's Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for the period 1 October 2015-31 March 2016. Overall, our results indicate that the simulation with CMIP6 emissions produces improved concentrations of pollutants over the region relative to the CMIP5-driven simulation.While the particulate concentrations simulated by AM4 are biased low overall, the model generally simulates the magnitude and daily variability of observed total PM 2.5 . Nitrate and organic matter are the primary components of PM 2.5 over Northern India in the model. On the basis of correlations of the individual model components with total observed PM 2.5 and correlations between the two simulations, meteorology is the primary driver of daily variability. The model correctly reproduces the shape and magnitude of the seasonal cycle of PM 2.5 , but the simulated diurnal cycle misses the early evening rise and secondary maximum found in the observations. Observed PM 2.5 abundances are by far the highest within the densely populated IndoGangetic Plain, where they are closely related to boundary layer meteorology, specifically relative humidity, wind speed, boundary layer height, and inversion strength. The GFDL AM4 model reproduces the overall observed pollution gradient over Northern India as well as the strength of the meteorology-PM 2.5 relationship in most locations.

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Variations in particulate matter over Indo-Gangetic Plains and Indo-Himalayan Range during four field campaigns in winter monsoon and summer monsoon: Role of pollution pathways

Cited by 123 publications

References 70 publications

Long-term observation of black carbon aerosols at an urban location over the central Indo-Gangetic Plain, South Asia

Long-term observation of black carbon aerosols at an urban location over the central Indo-Gangetic Plain, South Asia

Spatiotemporal Trends of Aerosols over Urban Regions in Pakistan and Their Possible Links to Meteorological Parameters

Exploring the relationship between surface PM<sub>2.5</sub> and meteorology in Northern India

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Variations in particulate matter over Indo-Gangetic Plains and Indo-Himalayan Range during four field campaigns in winter monsoon and summer monsoon: Role of pollution pathways

Cited by 123 publications

References 70 publications

Long-term observation of black carbon aerosols at an urban location over the central Indo-Gangetic Plain, South Asia

Long-term observation of black carbon aerosols at an urban location over the central Indo-Gangetic Plain, South Asia

Spatiotemporal Trends of Aerosols over Urban Regions in Pakistan and Their Possible Links to Meteorological Parameters

Exploring the relationship between surface PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; and meteorology in Northern India

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Exploring the relationship between surface PM<sub>2.5</sub> and meteorology in Northern India