Variations in nitrogen uptake and nitrate-nitrogen concentration among sorghum groups

Harada, Hiroyuki; Yoshimura, Y.; Sunaga, Yoshihito; Hatanaka, Takeshi

doi:10.1080/00380768.2000.10408766

Cited by 28 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…It is known that sorghum plants accumulated high concentrations of the nitrate N in the stem (Harada et al 2000). In the present study, both total N (including nitrate N) and Kjeldahl N concentrations were measured by an NC analyzer and the Kjeldah method, respectively in 2010 and the total N concentration (0.44%) significantly exceeded the Kjeldahl N concentration (0.39%) (p < 0.05, n = 3).…”

Section: Nitrogen Concentration In the Sorghum Plantmentioning

confidence: 89%

Dynamics of Fertilizer Nitrogen Applied to Sweet Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench) in the Semi-Arid Tropics

Uchino

Watanabe

Ramu

et al. 2015

JARQ

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Although sweet sorghum is in focus as a promising multi-purpose crop in semi-arid tropical regions, information on optimum nitrogen (N) management remains rather limited. To determine and understand the N dynamics in sweet sorghum-soil ecosystem, we evaluated the N recovery of applied fertilizer in the Alfisol field during the 2009 and 2010 rainy seasons. Sweet sorghum was grown under six N rates (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg N ha -1 ) with split application (at 0, 30 and 60 days after sowing) and N concentration and N recovery efficiency (NRE) were measured. In addition, to determine the fate of basal and topdressed N, . There was no significant difference in NRE calculated by the difference method between six N rates and N uptake rose with increasing N rate. The total dry weight and sugar yield increased at rates up to 90 kg N ha -1 and higher N rates did not significantly affect sorghum productivity. As a total of basal and topdressing applications, 33% of the applied 15 N-labeled urea was absorbed by the sorghum plant, while 36 and 30% remained in the soil and unaccounted for, respectively. The NRE calculated by the isotopic method was about 39 and 37% for topdressings at 30 and 60 days after sowing, respectively. The distribution ratio of absorbed N in leaves was higher for basal applications and topdressing at 30 days after sowing, while that in grains was higher for topdressing at 60 days after sowing, compared to the other application timings. In contrast to topdressings, the NRE was very low (13%) for basal N application: about 70% of the basal applied N remained in the soil at the physiological maturity. The results imply that the NRE might be increased by improving the ways in which basal N is applied. Discipline: Biofuel/Soils fertilizers and plant nutrition Additional key words:15 N-labeled urea, fertilizer application timing, nitrogen recovery efficiencyThis study was part of a research project titled "Development of sustainable soil fertility management for sorghum and sweet sorghum through effective use of biological nitrification inhibition (BNI)" and was funded by a grant from Japan's Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF).

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Section: Nitrogen Concentration In the Sorghum Plantmentioning

confidence: 89%

Dynamics of Fertilizer Nitrogen Applied to Sweet Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench) in the Semi-Arid Tropics

Uchino

Watanabe

Ramu

et al. 2015

JARQ

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“…The concentration factor was considered to reflect the physiological ability of crops to accumulate nitrate‐N and dilution factor to be an effect of dry matter accumulation. Several studies on varietal differences have been reported regarding the reduction of nitrate‐N in corn and sorghum (Harada et al . 1998, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The differences between varieties of corn in nitrate‐N concentration corresponded to their differences in concentration factors. Harada et al . (2000) have also reported that the nitrate‐N concentration of 74 sorghum varieties was related to both the concentration and dilution factors and that the grain and dual‐purpose type sorghums with dry stems had the lowest nitrate‐N concentrations, as they had a lower dry matter partitioning ratio of the stem and higher dry matter ratio of the stem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varietal differences in nitrate nitrogen concentration of Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) stapf)

Sunaga

Harada²,

Hatanaka

2005

Grassland Science

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Field experiments were conducted in 1998 and 2000 to examine varietal differences in nitrate nitrogen (nitrate‐N) concentrations among 13 Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf) commercial varieties under heavy nitrogen application. Significant differences in nitrate‐N concentrations among the 13 varieties were observed. The maximum nitrate‐N concentrations were 1.9 and 3.2 times larger than the minimum concentrations in 1998 and 2000, respectively. The varietal differences in the nitrate‐N concentrations of Sudangrass were examined using the method developed by Harada et al. (1998, 2000). That is, the nitrate‐N concentration of a whole plant on a dry matter basis can be estimated by multiplying the concentration factor by the dilution factor. The concentration factor is the nitrate‐N concentration of the stem on a fresh matter basis and the dilution factor is the dry matter partitioning ratio of the stem divided by the dry matter ratio of the stem. Two late‐flowering varieties (late varieties) had higher dilution factors than early flowering varieties (early varieties), resulting in higher nitrate‐N concentrations than the early varieties. Among the early varieties, nitrate‐N concentrations were strongly correlated with concentration factors and dilution factors with correlation coefficients of 0.971 and 0.963, respectively. Dilution factors were highly correlated with the dry matter ratio of the stem and the dry matter partitioning ratio of the stem with correlation coefficients of −0.887 and 0.615, respectively. Varieties with low nitrate‐N concentrations, had characteristics to reduce nitrate‐N, that is, a lower concentration factor and dry matter partitioning ratio of the stem, and a higher dry matter ratio of the stem. There was a positive correlation between nitrate‐N concentrations and total nitrogen (total‐N) concentrations. However, nitrogen uptake of Sudangrass was correlated not with the total‐N concentration, but with the dry matter yield. Therefore, a variety with a high dry matter yield has a high nitrogen uptake, even if it has a low nitrate‐N concentration. HS9401 is the most useful variety for reducing nitrate‐N concentrations and enhancing nitrogen uptake among those tested

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“…Sudangrass is a major summer forage crop for round bale silage in Japan. NO 3 ‐N accumulation in Sudangrass is a serious problem as it contains a high level of NO 3 ‐N because of its high potential to accumulate NO 3 ‐N in addition to excessive amounts of nitrogen fertilizer application (Harms and Tucker, 1973; Pratt et al ., 1976; Zhang et al ., 1999; Harada et al ., 2000; Sunaga et al ., 2005). A rapid method to estimate NO 3 ‐N concentrations of crops is required in order to feed cattle on Sudangrass safely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple method for estimating nitrate nitrogen concentrations of standing Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf) and Sudan‐type sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench ×S. sudanense) at the heading stage by the nitrate nitrogen concentration of the stem juice and the dry matter ratio

2005

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A simple method for estimating the nitrate nitrogen (NO3‐N) concentrations of standing Sudangrass and Sudan‐type sorghum at the heading stage was developed. It has been reported that the NO3‐N concentrations on a dry matter basis of these crops could be estimated from multiplying the concentration factors (CF) by the dilution factors (DF): CF was the NO3‐N concentration of the stem on a fresh matter basis and DF was the dry matter partitioning ratio of the stem divided by the dry matter ratio of the stem. In the present study, the methods for estimating the CF by NO3‐N analysis of the stem juice and the DF by the dry matter ratio of the whole crop were examined. One half of all 68 harvests was used for the CF and DF predictions, and the other half was used to validate these and NO3‐N concentration estimations. The regression equation for estimating the CF from NO3‐N concentrations of the stem juice was: CF (g kg−1 FM) = 0.61 × NO3‐N concentrations of the stem juice at the 25% position (g L−1), which means at a position corresponding to 25% of the total stem length from the bottom, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.908. The quadratic equation obtained from the relationship between the DF and the dry matter ratio of the whole crop (DM%) was: DF = 0.00652DM%2 − 0.492DM% + 11.29, and R2 = 0.953. In a comparison between the estimates and the actual CF and DF measurements for the validation samples, the CF and DF could be estimated with a high degree of accuracy from each estimate equation with an R2 of 0.845 and 0.958, respectively. The NO3‐N concentration estimates, calculated by multiplying the estimated CF by the estimated DF, corresponded to the analytical values by the established method with an R2 of 0.893.

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Variations in nitrogen uptake and nitrate-nitrogen concentration among sorghum groups

Cited by 28 publications

References 3 publications

Dynamics of Fertilizer Nitrogen Applied to Sweet Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench) in the Semi-Arid Tropics

Dynamics of Fertilizer Nitrogen Applied to Sweet Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench) in the Semi-Arid Tropics

Varietal differences in nitrate nitrogen concentration of Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) stapf)

A simple method for estimating nitrate nitrogen concentrations of standing Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf) and Sudan‐type sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench ×S. sudanense) at the heading stage by the nitrate nitrogen concentration of the stem juice and the dry matter ratio

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