Variations in New York city’s urban heat island strength over time and space

Gaffin, Stuart R.; Rosenzweig, Cynthia; Khanbilvardi, R.; Parshall, Lily; Mahani, S.; Glickman, H. Y.; Goldberg, R. A.; Blake, Reginald; Slosberg, R. B.; Hillel, Daniel

doi:10.1007/s00704-007-0368-3

Cited by 194 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It should be acknowledged that only Pinghu station was used as a rural reference series, which is different from previous studies in which several suburban stations in the territory of the megacity municipality were averaged as a rural reference (e.g., Ren et al 2007;Gaffin et al 2008). This is because the urbanization process in Shanghai was so rapid that many former suburbs are now urban areas, following subways having been built to connect these suburbs and facilitate the ever growing population living there.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

On trend estimation and significance testing for non-Gaussian and serially dependent data: quantifying the urbanization effect on trends in hot extremes in the megacity of Shanghai

Qian

2015

Clim Dyn

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

On trend estimation and significance testing for non-Gaussian and serially dependent data: quantifying the urbanization effect on trends in hot extremes in the megacity of Shanghai

Qian

2015

Clim Dyn

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“…On the other hand, it is expected that these global trends will be more marked at the city scale due to the urban processes such as urban heat islands (UHIs). Moreover, several studies already displayed a significant urban signal that tends to reinforce the increase trends detected in the temperature historical time-series (Jones et al 1990;Wilby 2003;Gaffin et al 2008;Fujibe 2011). During future decades, the complex interactions between the effects of global change at regional scale and the evolution of cities themselves (coupling urban growth and increase in population) will probably lead to a deep change of urban climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Evolution of the Parisian urban climate under a global changing climate

et al. 2012

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The evolution of the Parisian urban climate under a changing climate is analyzed from long-term offline numerical integrations including a specific urban parameterization. This system is forced by meteorological conditions based on presentclimate reanalyses , and climate projections provided by global climate model simulations following two emission scenarios (A1B and A2). This study aims at quantifying the impact of climate change on air temperature within the city and in the surroundings. A systematic increase of 2-meter air temperature is found. In average according to the two scenarios, it reaches +2.0/2.4 • C in winter and +3.5/5.0 • C in summer for the minimum and maximum daily temperatures, respectively. During summer, the warming trend is more pronounced in the surrounding countryside than in Paris and suburbs due to the soil dryness. As a result, a substantial decrease of the strong urban heat islands is noted at nighttime, and numerous events with negative urban heat islands appear at daytime. Finally, a 30% decrease of the heating degree days is quantified in winter between present and future climates. Inversely, the summertime cooling degree days significantly increase in future climate whereas they are negligible in present climate. However, in terms of accumulated degree days, the increase of the demand in cooling remains smaller than the decrease of the demand in heating.

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“…During heat waves events the effects in the health of individuals living in Mediterranean climates of Europe, special in cities where the Urban Heat Island effect is strong (Rooney et al, 1998;Gaffin et al, 2008;Metzger et al, 2010) and the ageing of the population is increasing like at Portugal (Almeida et al, 2010), it is very important to give also a sp ecial focus to the individual vulnerability, which means: (a) to estimate the impacts of the 2006 heat wave, according to the heat index, in terms of total mortality, total morbidity and morbidity due to circulatory and respiratory causes, in the Great Metropolitan Area of Porto (Portugal); (b) to identify the most vulnerable groups to the heat wave impacts, comparing the excess of mortality and morbidity for the total population, for the population by gender and for the population of the 75+ cohort.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The accuracy of the heat index to explain the excess of mortality and morbidity during heat waves – a case study in a mediterranean climate

Monteiro¹,

Carvalho²,

Velho³

et al. 2013

Bulletin of Geography. Socio-Economic Series

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abstract. The aim of this contribution was to evaluate the accuracy of a well known human comfort index, the heat index, to anticipate the effects of the July 2006 heat wave in mortality (all causes) and morbidity (all causes, respiratory and circulatory disease). Our assessment was done to all citizens, to people of the 75+ cohort and to each gender, in Porto. For further statistical analysis, we calculated an expected number of admissions by averaging the admissions recorded during the comparison period. The 95% confidence interval was calculated, using a standard method based on the t-distribution, for differences between independent means with different population variances, using the Leveane test to evaluate the variance's homogeneity. During the 2006 heat wave, a 52% mortality excess was registered relatively to the expected mortality (p < 0.001), for all cohorts of the population. The admissions excess for all ages included the admissions due to respiratory diseases (p < 0.029), pneumonia (p < 0.001) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p < 0.001). For the 75+ cohort, the admissions due to respiratory diseases (p < 0.017), pneumonia (p < 0.001) and heart failure (p < 0.610) were also statistically high. The obtained results confirm that the heat index is a truthful method to anticipate the negative impacts of heat waves in human health even in climate contexts adapted to hot summers like at Porto -a Mediterranean tempered climate. The impacts of July 2006's heat wave in the increase of mortality (all causes) and in respiratory morbidity (all population and 75+cohort) was evident.

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Variations in New York city’s urban heat island strength over time and space

Cited by 194 publications

References 5 publications

On trend estimation and significance testing for non-Gaussian and serially dependent data: quantifying the urbanization effect on trends in hot extremes in the megacity of Shanghai

On trend estimation and significance testing for non-Gaussian and serially dependent data: quantifying the urbanization effect on trends in hot extremes in the megacity of Shanghai

Evolution of the Parisian urban climate under a global changing climate

The accuracy of the heat index to explain the excess of mortality and morbidity during heat waves – a case study in a mediterranean climate

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