Variations in knowledge, awareness and treatment of hypertension and stroke risk by country income level

O’Donnell, Martin; Hankey, Graeme J.; Rangarajan, Sumathy; Chin, Siu Lim; Rao‐Melacini, Purnima; Ferguson, John; Xavier, Denis; Liu, Lisheng; Zhang, Hongye; Пайс, Прем; López‐Jaramillo, Patricio; Damasceno, Albertino; Langhorne, Peter; Rosengren, Annika; Dans, Antonio L.; ElSayed, Ahmed; Avezum, Álvaro; Mondo, Charles; Smyth, Andrew; Judge, Conor; Diener, Hans‐Christoph; Ryglewicz, Danuta; Członkowska, Anna; Pogosova, Nana; Weimar, Christian; Iqbal, Romana; Dı́az, Rafael; Yusoff, Khalid; Yusufali, Afzalhussein; Oğuz, Aytekin; Wang, Xingyu; Peñaherrera, Ernesto; Lanas, Fernando; Ogah, Okechukwu S; Ogunniyi, A; Iversen, Helle K.; Málaga, Germán; Rumboldt, Zvonko; Oveisgharan, Shahram; Hussain, Raja Rizwan; Magazi, Daliwonga Sithembele; Nilanont, Yongchai; Yusuf, Salim

doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2019-316515

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…KCVDs increased by 1.121 times in those with BP awareness, and AoBP increased by 1.076 times as KCVDs increased, suggesting KCVDs and AoBP have a significant positive influence on each other. Additionally, the factors related to KCVDs were consistent with previous studies [16][17][18][19]24,26,41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In HTN patients, when the BP level exceeded 150 mmHg (versus > 120 mmHg), it increased the first ischemic stroke incidence by 1.6 times [23]. Additionally, stroke incidence was 1.8 times higher in hypertensive patients who never had a BP measurement throughout their lifetime [24]. Patients in Asia did not view HTN as a serious condition and ignored high BP because HTN has no overt physical symptoms [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood Pressure Awareness and Knowledge of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases in South Korean Women with Hypertension

Jeong

2021

Healthcare

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(1) Background: It is essential to increase the awareness of cardiovascular diseases’ symptoms and reduce treatment delays among women with hypertension (HTN). This study aimed to assess the knowledge of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases’ warning signs (KCVDs), according to awareness of their blood pressure levels (AoBP), and identify the factors associated with KCVDs and AoBP in women with HTN. (2) Methods: This study used the data from the Korea Community Health Survey of 2018. A total of 29,832 women with HTN were included in the final analysis. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, KCVDs, and AoBP were identified. A negative binomial regression was used to identify factors associated with KCVDs. (3) Results: Of the participants, 42.9% were not aware of their blood pressure level, and 9.1% did not have any knowledge of KCVD symptoms. Factors associated with KCVDs were AoBP (odds ratio (OR) = 1.121, p < 0.001), middle age (OR = 1.012, p = 0.008), employment (OR = 1.034, p < 0.017), and being married and living with a spouse (OR = 1.068, p < 0.001). Lower levels of education (OR = 0.931, p < 0.001) and regular walking (OR = 0.964, p = 0.015) were also associated with KCVDs. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and subjective health status were associated with increased AoBP. (4) Conclusions: AoBP was positively associated with KCVDs. It is necessary to include AoBP in public campaigns and regular policy support to improve KCVDs. In addition, findings in this study can serve as basic data for developing socio-cultural interventions, aimed at mitigating cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, by improving levels of KCVDs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Pressure Awareness and Knowledge of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases in South Korean Women with Hypertension

Jeong

2021

Healthcare

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“…Several international studies have reported global and regional variations in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. For example, in the Middle East, findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study showed that the prevalence of hypertension was high (33%) and that the lack of awareness (49%) was also high, while BP control was only 19% [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Bhagavathula

Shah

Aburawi

2021

IJERPH

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Background: Evidence for the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is limited. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to summarize the existing knowledge regarding the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the UAE. Methods: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar using prespecified medical subject handling (MeSH) terms and text words to identify the relevant published articles from 1 January 1995 to 31 August 2021. Population-based prospective observational studies conducted among healthy adult subjects living in the UAE and that defined hypertension using the guidelines-recommended blood pressure (BP) cut-offs ≥ 130/80 mmHg or ≥ 140/90 mmHg were considered. Results: Of 1038 studies, fifteen cross-sectional studies were included for data extraction involving 139,907 adults with a sample size ranging from 74 to 50,138 and with cases defined as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg. The pooled prevalence of hypertension was 31% (95% confidence interval (CI): 27–36), and a higher prevalence was observed in Dubai (37%, 95% CI: 28–45) than in the Abu Dhabi region (29%, 95% CI: 24–35) and in multicenter studies (24%, 95% CI: 14–33). The level of awareness was only 29% (95% CI: 17–42), 31% (95% CI: 18–44) for treatment, and 38% (95% CI: 19–57) had controlled BP (< 140/90 mmHg). Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of hypertension with low awareness and suboptimal control of hypertension. Multifaceted approaches that include the systematic measurement of BP, raising awareness, and improving hypertension diagnoses and treatments are needed.

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“…OSA refers to the partial or complete collapse of the upper airway during sleep, resulting in reduced or absent (or apnea) airflow lasting for 10 s [ 123 ]. Many OSA patients are highly likely to show cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases, as OSA is also associated with hypertension, a direct risk factor of stroke [ 120 , 127 , 128 , 129 ]. OSA is also associated with fibrinogen levels, a key independent risk factor for myocardial infarction and vascular diseases [ 130 , 131 ].…”

Section: Associations Between the Factors Influencing Cognitive Decli...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breathing Exercises for Improving Cognitive Function in Patients with Stroke

Kang

Yook

2022

JCM

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Patients with stroke may experience a certain degree of cognitive decline during the period of recovery, and a considerable number of such patients have been reported to show permanent cognitive damage. Therefore, the period of recovery and rehabilitation following stroke is critical for rapid cognitive functional improvements. As dysfunctional breathing has been reported as one of the factors affecting the quality of life post stroke, a number of studies have focused on the need for improving the breathing function in these patients. Numerous breathing exercises have been reported to enhance the respiratory, pulmonary, cognitive, and psychological functions. However, scientific evidence on the underlying mechanisms by which these exercises improve cognitive function is scattered at best. Therefore, it has been difficult to establish a protocol of breathing exercises for patients with stroke. In this review, we summarize the psychological, vascular, sleep-related, and biochemical factors influencing cognition in patients and highlight the need for breathing exercises based on existing studies. Breathing exercises are expected to contribute to improvements in cognitive function in stroke based on a diverse array of supporting evidence. With relevant follow-up studies, a protocol of breathing exercises can be developed for improving the cognitive function in patients with stroke.

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Variations in knowledge, awareness and treatment of hypertension and stroke risk by country income level

Cited by 32 publications

References 28 publications

Blood Pressure Awareness and Knowledge of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases in South Korean Women with Hypertension

Blood Pressure Awareness and Knowledge of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases in South Korean Women with Hypertension

Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Breathing Exercises for Improving Cognitive Function in Patients with Stroke

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