Variations in kinematic variables and performance in the tennis serve according to age and skill level

Hernández-Davó, José Luis; Moreno, Francisco J. Magraner; Rivas, David Sanz; Hernández-Davó, Héctor; Coves, Álvaro; Caballero, Carla

doi:10.1080/24748668.2019.1653036

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It is reasonable to assume that physical conditioning (muscle power and strength) and anthropometric data (height, body mass index and body segment length) may affect serve performance [ 1 ]. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding scientifically proven predictors of SV because serve movement appears to be different depending on the players’ level or age [ 21 , 22 ]. We hypothesised that some of physical and anthropometric parameters would be a relation to SV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness testing in tennis: Influence of anthropometric characteristics, physical performance, and functional test on serve velocity in professional players

et al. 2021

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The aims of this study were to examine the relationship between anthropometric variables, physical performance, and functional test with serve velocity regarding tennis players’ level and to design regression models that effectively predict serve velocity. A sample of sixteen male tennis players participated in this study (national level = 8, professional level = 7). Anthropometric measurements (body mass, height, body mass index and body segments) and physical test (hand strength, countermovement jump, jump on serve, and serve velocity) and functional test (medicine ball throw overhead and shot put) were performed. No differences in anthropometrics and physical test were found between national and professional levels. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.05, ranging for 0.603 to 0.932) was found between some anthropometrics measurements (body mass, height, arm, forearm, and leg segments), physical parameters (hand strength, countermovement jump) and functional test (medicine ball throw shot put and overhead) with serve velocity for all tennis players. Multiple regression analysis indicated that medicine ball throw shot put was the most important test to explain serve velocity (r2 = 0.869). The results showed how the combination of physical and anthropometric factors have an impact on serve velocity. In addition, a new functional fitness test (medicine ball throw shot put) is proposed as an alternative to traditional medicine ball throw overhead due to its high reproducibility (inter-trial reliability) and predictive validity values, as well as by multi-segmental coordination movement similar to tennis serve.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness testing in tennis: Influence of anthropometric characteristics, physical performance, and functional test on serve velocity in professional players

et al. 2021

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“…Second, previously discussed, S is a highly complex stroke determined by different nature parameters [ 1 , 3 ], however the presented SV prediction model is based on a partial spectrum of serve performance (i.e., some anthropometric [BH and BM], ball impact and bounce variables). The model would be more accurate considering other determinant factors such as technical [ 39 ], strategical [ 6 ], range of motion [ 16 , 24 ] or muscle power performance [ 5 , 14 – 16 ] parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the importance of SV on success in professional male tennis competition, the recognition of factors that influence SV is currently relevant for researchers and coaches and therefore it has been widely explored. The influence of different nature parameters of tennis players SV such as anthropometric characteristics [ 5 , 10 – 12 ], competitive level [ 13 ], isometric [ 5 , 14 , 15 ] and dynamic [ 5 , 10 , 15 – 19 ] strength, rate of force development (RFD) [ 15 ], muscle stiffness [ 13 ], isokinetic speed [ 19 ], range of motion (ROM) [ 4 , 16 ], lower and upper limbs joint kinematics and muscle activity [ 2 , 11 , 20 – 24 ], the match situation [ 25 ] or the resistance training [ 26 ] have been measured. However most of these investigations were conducted mainly in laboratory/court simulated conditions with absence of a returner [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of anthropometric, ball impact and landing location parameters on serve velocity in elite tennis competition

Baiget¹,

Corbi²,

Lopez³

2023

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This study aimed (i) to analyse the associations between serve velocity (SV) and anthropometric, ball impact and landing location parameters in total serves (TS) and fastest serves (FS) performed during an ATP Tour event; (ii) to observe differences between first (S1) and second (S2) serves, and (iii) to determine a SV prediction model based on the relationship between the observed variables. Using Foxtenn technology, 30 S1 and 15 S2 were registered in 14 matches in twenty-one male professional tennis players. Ball impact (impact height [IH], impact projection angle [IPA] and relative impact height [RIH]), bounce landing (width and depth) location parameters, S1 and S2 SV in TS (TSV1 and TSV2) and FS (FSV1 and FSV2) alongside anthropometric characteristics of tennis players (body height [BH], body mass [BM] and body mass index [BMI]) were analysed. Significant moderate to large associations were found between BH and BM and TSV1, FSV1 and FSV2 (r = 0.315 to 0.593; p < 0.001), and between IH and IPA and TSV1 and TSV2 (r = 0.294 to -0.409; p < 0.001). BH and BM were the unique significant contributors of FS explaining 22 to 35% of FSV1 and FSV2. Only BM appears in the model to predict FSV1 and FSV2 (r 2 = 0.48 and 0.21). We concluded that all three anthropometric, ball impact and bounce landing location parameters small to moderately influence TSV. Anthropometric parameters show an impact on SV when tennis players serve at or near maximal speed, highlighting the influence of BM above BH.

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“…Serve velocity test: A radar gun (Stalker Pro Inc., Plano, Texas, USA) was used to measure serve velocity. The player performed 10 services at maximum velocity directed to the wide area of the service box from the advantage side for the right-handed players, and from the deuce side for the left-handed player [ 34 ]. The radar was positioned behind the player at the same hitting height and oriented in the same direction as the ball.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Physical Factors in the Serve Velocity of Male Professional Wheelchair Tennis Players

Sánchez-Pay

Martínez-Gallego

Crespo

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The aim of this study was to identify the physical factors related to serve speed in male professional wheelchair tennis players (WT). Nine best nationally-ranked Spanish male wheelchair tennis players (38.35 ± 11.28 years, 63.77 ± 7.01 kg.) completed a neuromuscular test battery consisting of: isometric handgrip strength; serve velocity; 5, 10 and 20 m sprint (with and without racket); agility (with and without racket); medicine ball throw (serve, forehand and backhand movements); and an incremental endurance test specific to WT. Significantly higher correlations were observed in serve (r = 0.921), forehand (r = 0.810) and backhand (r = 0.791) medicine ball throws showing a positive correlation with serve velocity. A regression analysis identified a single model with the medicine ball throw serve as the main predictor of serve velocity (r2 = 0.847, p < 0.001). In conclusion, it is recommended that coaches and physical trainers include medicine ball throw workouts in the training programs of WT tennis players due to the transfer benefits to the serve speed.

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Variations in kinematic variables and performance in the tennis serve according to age and skill level

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Fitness testing in tennis: Influence of anthropometric characteristics, physical performance, and functional test on serve velocity in professional players

Fitness testing in tennis: Influence of anthropometric characteristics, physical performance, and functional test on serve velocity in professional players

Influence of anthropometric, ball impact and landing location parameters on serve velocity in elite tennis competition

Key Physical Factors in the Serve Velocity of Male Professional Wheelchair Tennis Players

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