Variations in Intraocular Pressure During Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle

Adhikari, Ambika P.; Shet, Ramachandra V; Mandal, Rajib; Vaghela, Yogesh

doi:10.26502/fjor.2644-00240036

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The follicular phase contains both the menstrual (days 1–5) and proliferative (days 6–14) phases. While our IOP findings are consistent with at least one study [ 6 ], Adhikari et al [ 72 ] found IOP to be lowest during the follicular phase. However, Adhikari considered three phases in cycling women (menstrual, proliferative, and secretory), restricting IOP measurements of the menstrual phase to days 1–5, early in the follicular phase.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…It is possible that hormone levels, particularly estradiol, increased sufficiently to moderate any IOP differences between the follicular and luteal phases. After all, IOP differences were like those found by Adhikari between the proliferative and secretory phases [ 72 ]. The lack of a cyclical effect on CCT also contrasts with previous findings of cyclical CCT differences [ 9 , 73 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

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The Effects of Sex, Oral Contraception, and Menstrual Cycle Phase on Intraocular Pressure, Central Corneal Thickness, and Foveal Thickness: A Descriptive Analysis

Fortepiani

Foutch

Wilson

2021

Vision

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The primary goal of this study was to investigate the effects of sex, oral contraceptive (OC) use, and menstrual cycle phase on common ocular parameters assessed during ophthalmic evaluations, namely intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), and foveal thickness (FT), in young healthy adults. We measured IOP, CCT, and FT in 60 participants (16 men, 16 contraceptive users, and 28 cycling women) over two sessions that characterized the menstrual cycle phase in women. For men in our study, two sessions were separated by two weeks. For women, the two sessions were scheduled during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. There was a trend towards higher IOP in men, and the difference was significant for white, non-Hispanic subjects and for white subjects considered separately. There was also a trend for thicker corneas in women, but men had significantly thicker foveae. CCT and FT were not different between men and OC-users, hinting at a moderating hormonal effect of oral contraceptive use. We found that IOP, CCT, and FT were equivalent between the follicular and luteal phases, which may be owing to the timing of our sessions. However, our findings strongly suggest that clinicians should consider contraceptive use during routine ophthalmic evaluations, as it could inform glaucomatous risk in women.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

The Effects of Sex, Oral Contraception, and Menstrual Cycle Phase on Intraocular Pressure, Central Corneal Thickness, and Foveal Thickness: A Descriptive Analysis

Fortepiani

Foutch

Wilson

2021

Vision

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“…Fluctuations in hormone levels during the menstrual cycle in women are reported to lead to changes in IOP. 40 The larger corneal diameter in men may also lead to higher IOP measurements in men. 41 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change of Intraocular Pressure Over 5 Years and its Relationship to Cardiovascular Parameters: Results From the Gutenberg Health Study

Hartmann,

Scholz,

Hoffmann

et al. 2024

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose To investigate the longitudinal change in intraocular pressure (IOP) over 5 years and its relationship with cardiovascular parameters in a population-based sample in Germany. Methods The Gutenberg Health Study is a prospective, observational, single-center cohort study. The sample was equally stratified for sex, residence, and age decade. IOP was measured with noncontact tonometry at baseline and at 5-year follow-up. Cardiovascular parameters, including body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, and diabetes status, were assessed. Participants without IOP measurement at one time point, who were taking IOP-lowering medications, or who had ophthalmic surgery during the 5-year follow-up interval were excluded, as well as those with glaucoma diagnosis. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted. Results This analysis included 9633 participants (48.9% female). The mean IOP increased from 14.04 ± 2.78 mmHg at baseline to 14.77 ± 2.92 mmHg at 5-year follow-up ( P < 0.001). In multivariable linear regression analyses, an increase in BMI was associated with an increase in IOP over time ( P < 0.001), whereas a higher baseline BMI was associated with a lower IOP change ( P < 0.001). Higher age and male sex were associated with higher IOP change ( P < 0.001). A change in systolic blood pressure was associated with IOP change, whereas baseline systolic blood pressure and diabetes status were not associated. Conclusions This population-based study found a relationship between IOP change over 5 years and BMI and systolic blood pressure change, respectively. These findings suggest the importance of monitoring cardiovascular risk factors in IOP management.

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“…4,13,15,22,24,25 A hormonal blood test was not performed to assess the variation in hormone levels, and hormone levels were not quantified biochemically to acquire a better understanding. 4,13,15,20,25 Lack of assessment of the choroidal changes, the relationship between choroidal function and morphology in healthy subjects in all menstrual cycle phases. 22,24 CCT and LH levels were not correlated because LH levels were not assessed throughout the menstrual cycle, which could be included in further studies.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the future, this may be regarded as a field of study for researchers. 20 The effects of hormone concentrations, other vasoactive drugs, and menstrual cycle anomalies must also be investigated. 25…”

Section: Limitations Of the Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical implementation of ocular health findings in different phases of the menstruation cycle - A systematic review

Mondal,

Verma,

Karmakar

et al. 2023

IJCEO

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Menstrual cycles are essential to women's health and play a significant role in their daily lives. While the hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle are recognized, research has focused on investigating their specific effects on ocular and visual characteristics. This review aims to comprehensively explore the potential alterations in ocular parameters and alterations to visual performance throughout the cycle of menstruation. Following a search in various research repositories, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid, and EMBASE, both original and review publications were reviewed, and information was utilized in this study. Studies with changes in Ocular parameters during all three menstrual cycle phases were noted. The reported studies documented only normally menstruating women. This study provided valuable knowledge and awareness of the risk factors for menstrual cycle-related ocular symptoms and changes and the impact of these conditions on women's life. This information can be used to develop evidence-based guidelines for managing menstrual cycle-related ocular problems and their significance in clinical practice.

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Variations in Intraocular Pressure During Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

The Effects of Sex, Oral Contraception, and Menstrual Cycle Phase on Intraocular Pressure, Central Corneal Thickness, and Foveal Thickness: A Descriptive Analysis

The Effects of Sex, Oral Contraception, and Menstrual Cycle Phase on Intraocular Pressure, Central Corneal Thickness, and Foveal Thickness: A Descriptive Analysis

Change of Intraocular Pressure Over 5 Years and its Relationship to Cardiovascular Parameters: Results From the Gutenberg Health Study

Clinical implementation of ocular health findings in different phases of the menstruation cycle - A systematic review

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