Variations in hydrochemistry, trace metal concentration and transport during a rain storm event in a small catchment

Sandén, Per; Karlsson, Stefan; Düker, Anders; Ledin, Anna; Lundman, L.

doi:10.1016/s0375-6742(96)00078-7

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…3). Variations in concentration of dissolved elements usually show a lag with water discharge (Lee and Bang, 2000;Sandén et al, 1997;Walling and Foster, 1975), which is inversely related to antecedent catchment soil moisture and rainfall magnitude. No such lag was apparent for Event 3 (Fig.…”

Section: Hydrogeochemical Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have investigated the hydrochemical responses of small catchments affected by AMD (Gammons et al, 2005;Lambing et al, 1999;Sandén et al, 1997;Wirt et al, 1999) while the temporary storage of metals by salt mineral formation in dry periods followed by dissolution and metal release by rainfall/flood events has been studied or proposed as an important physicochemical process in a number of other works (Alpers et al, 1994;Bayless and Olyphant, 1993;Cravotta, 1994;Dagenhart, 1980;Hammarstrom et al, 2005;Keith et al, 2001). Table 5 compares the characteristics of flood events in this study with Contrary Creek, Virginia (Dagenhart, 1980) and Boulder Creek, Iron Mountain, California (Keith et al, 2001).…”

Section: Comparison With Other Amd Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrochemical variations and contaminant load in the Río Tinto (Spain) during flood events

Cánovas

Hubbard

Álvarez

et al. 2008

Journal of Hydrology

103

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Section: Hydrogeochemical Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison With Other Amd Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical variations and contaminant load in the Río Tinto (Spain) during flood events

Cánovas

Hubbard

Álvarez

et al. 2008

Journal of Hydrology

103

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“…Evidence of large temporal variations in hydrochemistry and trace metal concentrations in abandoned mine impacted streams are similarly abundant in literature (e.g. Sandén et al, 1997;Sullivan and Drever, 2001). Both summer and autumn surface waters were supersaturated in goethite (FeOOH) and rhodochrosite (MnCO 3 ), but only the summer surface water was supersaturated in calcite and dolomite.…”

Section: Stream Watermentioning

confidence: 94%

The hyporheic zone composition of a mining-impacted stream: Evidence by multilevel sampling and DGT measurements

Palumbo-Roe

Dearden

2013

Applied Geochemistry

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The importance of the hyporheic zone in influencing stream solute loads and stream ecosystems has been increasingly recognised. The hyporheic zone physicochemical composition of a stream stretch of the Rookhope Burn, a tributary of the River Wear in the North Pennines, UK, affected by historical mining of Pb ore, was characterised at two contrasting flow and temperature regimes. Vertical element concentration gradients were obtained using multilevel samplers down to a depth of 40 cm below the water-sediment boundary. Additional in-situ Diffuse Gradients in Thin films (DGT) measurements of surface water and pore water were obtained.Circumneutral pH and oxidising conditions characterised the hyporheic zone of the study reach, composed of coarse-textured bed sediments. The surface hyporheic zone (top 15-20 cm) was dominated by the chemistry of the overlying water, while interactions with the solid phase were important for some elements in the deeper section of the hyporheic zone. Manganese was attenuated in the hyporheic zone as shown by SEM analysis of Mn-rich grain coatings from the bed sediment. Fine resolution data obtained through the use of the DGT probe deployed in the sediment at one sampling location, showed localised loss in Mn and Zn concentrations at 1.5 to 4.5 cm below the water-sediment interface. There was clear evidence for hyporheic pore water enrichment in Pb, which was unaffected seasonally, while Zn was greater in the summer sampling. These temporal variations of the hyporheic zone composition warrant consideration when accounting for the contribution of disperse inputs to mining impacted catchments, highlighting the need for hyporheic zone studies taking into account differences in seasons.The significance of the observed sediment-scale hyporheic processes on the reach-scale geochemical mass balance was estimated by using surface water geochemical loading calculations. Water metal mass balance from four previous sampling events indicated a constant loss of Mn load, a continuous gain of Pb load and a more temporally variable loss of Zn load for a 700 m stream stretch which included the study site. These results closely agreed with the present observations at the stream bed sediment scale, supporting the importance of hyporheic dynamic solute exchanges in affecting surface water quality for the study stream.

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“…This is especially surprising as large areas of China south of the Yangze River, including Guangxi Province, are affected by sulphuric acid rain resulting from coal combustion (Wang and Wang, 1995;Sinton et al, 1996), with widespread areas, including rural areas, having rain pH below 4Ð0. Rainfall at the site is thus being buffered, a phenomenon that has been quantified in other settings (Sanden et al, 1997), probably at the Experimental Site by carbonate mineral dust in the area from local industry that includes limestone quarrying along with cement and brick production. The greatest distinction between the two areas of the flow system is reflected in a profound difference in the specific conductivity response in the storm between the conduit and borehole waters.…”

Section: Hydrochemical Variations During Flood Periodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hydrochemical variations during flood pulses in the south‐west China peak cluster karst: impacts of CaCO₃–H₂O–CO₂interactions

Liu

Groves

Yuan

et al. 2004

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:High-resolution measurements of rainfall, water level, pH, conductivity, temperature and carbonate chemistry parameters of groundwater at two adjacent locations within the peak cluster karst of the Guilin Karst Experimental Site in Guangxi Province, China, were made with different types of multiparameter sonde. The data were stored using data loggers recording with 2 min or 15 min resolution. Waters from a large, perennial spring represent the exit for the aquifer's conduit flow, and a nearby well measures water in the conduit-adjacent, fractured media. During flood pulses, the pH of the conduit flow water rises as the conductivity falls. In contrast, and at the same time, the pH of groundwater in the fractures drops, as conductivity rises. As Ca 2C and HCO 3 were the dominant (>90%) ions, we developed linear relationships (both r 2 > 0Ð91) between conductivity and those ions, respectively, and in turn calculated variations in the calcite saturation index SI C and CO 2 partial pressure P CO 2 of water during flood pulses. Results indicate that the P CO 2 of fracture water during flood periods is higher than that at lower flows, and its SI C is lower. Simultaneously, P CO 2 of conduit water during the flood period is lower than that at lower flows, and its SI C also is lower. From these results we conclude that at least two key processes are controlling hydrochemical variations during flood periods: (i) dilution by precipitation and (ii) water-rock-gas interactions. To explain hydrochemical variations in the fracture water, the water-rock-gas interactions may be more important. For example, during flood periods, soil gas with high CO 2 concentrations dissolves in water and enters the fracture system, the water, which in turn has become more highly undersaturated, dissolves more limestone, and the conductivity increases. Dilution of rainfall is more important in controlling hydrochemical variations of conduit water, because rainfall with higher pH (in this area apparently owing to interaction with limestone dust in the lower atmosphere) and low conductivity travels through the conduit system rapidly. These results illustrate that to understand the hydrochemical variations in karst systems, considering only water-rock interactions is not sufficient, and the variable effects of CO 2 on the system should be evaluated. Consideration of water-rock-gas interactions is thus a must in understanding variations in karst hydrochemistry.

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Variations in hydrochemistry, trace metal concentration and transport during a rain storm event in a small catchment

Cited by 33 publications

References 16 publications

Hydrochemical variations and contaminant load in the Río Tinto (Spain) during flood events

Hydrochemical variations and contaminant load in the Río Tinto (Spain) during flood events

The hyporheic zone composition of a mining-impacted stream: Evidence by multilevel sampling and DGT measurements

Hydrochemical variations during flood pulses in the south‐west China peak cluster karst: impacts of CaCO₃–H₂O–CO₂interactions

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Variations in hydrochemistry, trace metal concentration and transport during a rain storm event in a small catchment

Cited by 33 publications

References 16 publications

Hydrochemical variations and contaminant load in the Río Tinto (Spain) during flood events

Hydrochemical variations and contaminant load in the Río Tinto (Spain) during flood events

The hyporheic zone composition of a mining-impacted stream: Evidence by multilevel sampling and DGT measurements

Hydrochemical variations during flood pulses in the south‐west China peak cluster karst: impacts of CaCO3–H2O–CO2interactions

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Hydrochemical variations during flood pulses in the south‐west China peak cluster karst: impacts of CaCO₃–H₂O–CO₂interactions