Variations in fluid intake following shifts between water and saccharin solution

Lollo, Vincent Di; Meyer, Peter N.

doi:10.3758/bf03332331

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…However, there have also been failures to demonstrate the effect (DiLollo & Meyer, 1970), and it has been argued that the elation effect is more reliable when animals are given continuous access to saccharin before the period of absence (Pinel & Rovner, 1977). This parameter of duration of daily exposure may be important for the integration of the saccharin elation effect with other possible taste-contrast phenomena.…”

Section: Saccharin Elation Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incentive contrast: A review of behavioral changes following shifts in reward

Flaherty

1982

Animal Learning & Behavior

312

246

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The literature relevant to incentive contrast effects is reviewed, with emphasis on the data published since the reviews by Black (1968) and Dunham (1968). Contrary to the evidence available for the earlier reviews, the current literature indicates that positive contrast is a reliable phenomenon. Its occurrence is facilitated by use of a constant delay of reward, use of a long runway, or possibly by a shift while a negative contrast effect, resulting from a previous shift, is still present in the animals' behavior. Positive contrast also occurs in consummatory behavior when sucrose or saccharin solutions are shifted. Conditions that are ineffective in producing positive contrast are reviewed, as are the effects of numerous variables on both successive and simultaneous contrast. In addition, positive and negative contrast effects resulting from shifts in delay or percentage of reward, contrast resulting from shifts in sucrose, saccharin, or ethanol solutions, contrast in choice behavior, and transsituational contrast are reviewed. The relationship of the data to several theoretical interpretations of contrast is also considered.Interpretation of the behavior changes that occur when a familiar reward is replaced by a novel, usually less preferred, reward has played an important role in the theoretical analysis of animal learning. For example, Tolman (1932) cited the behavior of a monkey when the familiar reward of a banana was replaced by a piece of lettuce as evidence favoring his view that animals learn expectancies of particular rewards in a learning situation. The behavioral description was obtained in a delayed-response experiment by Tinklepaugh (1928): "She [the monkey] extends her hand to seize the food. But her hand drops to the floor without touching it. She looks at the lettuce but (unless very hungry) does not touch it. She looks under and around her. She picks the cup up and examines it thoroughly inside and out. She has on occasion turned toward observers present in the room and shrieked at them in apparent anger. After several seconds spent searching, she gives a glance toward the other cup, which she has been taught not to look into, and then walks off to a nearby window. The lettuce is left untouched on the floor" (p. 224).In addition to supporting Tolman's expectancy interpretation of animal learning, this description contains elements that continue to be relevant as possible explanations of the behavioral changes that Appreciation is due Alexandra Avdzej for assistance in library research and to HowardBecker, SusanChecke, and MaryFlaherty for their comments on the manuscript. Preparation for this article was aided by grants from the Rutgers Research Council. The author's mailing addressis: Psychology Department, Busch Campus, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey08903. occur subsequent to reward shifts, that is, the apparent presence of an emotional response elicited by the shift and the possibility that the animals search for the missing reward, given the opportunity.A rat study by Elli...

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Section: Saccharin Elation Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incentive contrast: A review of behavioral changes following shifts in reward

Flaherty

1982

Animal Learning & Behavior

312

246

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“…In addition, although a between-S control was not included in the design, the criticism of nonasymptotic responding made by DiLollo & Meyer (1970), who failed to replicate Gandelman & Trowill (1969), would not seem to apply here, with a total of 36 preshift exposures to the standard sacc solution.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of food deprivation upon elation of saccharin drinking following a temporary shift to water

1970

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“…The reHable contrast observed here, taken wi th the earHer reports of GandeIman & and , further serve to confirm the reliability of the effect, The use of 28 preshift testing days in this study and in that of should negate the explanation by DiLollo & Meyer (1970) that the GandeIman & Trowill (1969) results represent preasymptotic response increases rather than elated intake. Furthermore, short-term contrast of licking has also been reported following a similar paradigm (Ashton & Trowill, 1970).…”

mentioning

confidence: 48%