VARIATIONS IN ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION DURING MATURATION OF CORIANDER (CORIANDRUM SATIVUML.) FRUITS

Abstract

The composition of volatile components of the essential oils extracted from fruits of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) at four stages of maturity was studied by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Essential oil yields showed marked increase during maturation process and 41 compounds were identified. Linalool was the main compound in all ripening stage amounting from 36.69 to 72.35%. Geranyl acetate (35.17%), β‐caryophyllene (3.47%) and borneol (3.26%) were the main compounds at the first stage of maturity (immature fruits). At the second stage, geranyl acetate (8.21%), camphor (4.01%) and menthol (2.96%) were reported as the main constituents. In the third stage, geranyl acetate (20.66%), α‐humulene (5.44%) and limonene (1.68%) were the main compounds. At the final stage of maturity (mature fruits), essential oil consist mainly on geranyl acetate (1.49%) and borneol (0.97%) in addition to linalool (72.35%). Additionally, accumulation of monoterpene alcohols was observed during maturation process of coriander fruit. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The chemical composition of the essential oil of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) fruits is characterized by the occurrence of numerous components with great economical values. The oxygenated monoterpene and linalool were the most used ingredient in the cosmetic, perfume and food industries. On the other hand, the increasing market demands of the oxygenated components, widely present in this oil make it in the first rank of natural product. The formers were only obtained from the mature fruits. In this context, knowledge of their evolution during maturation process of the fruits seems to be a helpful tool for a better use of this economical potential.

Variations in fatty acid composition during maturation of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds

“…It can be oxidatively cleaved to produce a mixture of lauric acid, a compound useful in the production of detergents, and adipic acid, a C 6 dicarboxylic acid which can be used in the synthesis of nylon polymer (Murphy, 1994 It was also noticed that petroselinic and palmitic acids follow evolutionary changes in opposite directions, their amounts during seed ripening were negatively correlated (r = -0.78532). This is in agreement with the results obtained by Lakshminarayana et al (1981) and Msaada et al (2008). The data, however, elucidate that palmitic acid is the precursor of petroselinic acid as reported by Cahoon et al (1992).…”

Sedative effect of central administration ofCoriandrum sativumessential oil and its major component linalool in neonatal chicks

“…The yield of coriander seed essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation is 0.1-5.2% being mostly linalool (65-83%). The main difference reported among coriander oils was due to the presence and amount of the minor components, which may be affected by several environmental factors such as the climatic conditions and the geographic position of the growth region (Zheljazkov et al 2008;Msaada et al 2009;Orav et al 2011). These factors also may affect the yield of coriander seed essential oil (Laribi et al 2015).…”

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) essential oil: Chemistry and biological activity

“…The oil composition changes, depending on the maturity of the seed. The researchers [19,22,24] have represented variation of C. sativum EO composition in developmental stages (Tables 4 and 5). The chemical composition of C. sativum fruit EO has been represented in Figure 2.…”