Variations In Dieot Wood Anatomy: A Global Analysis Based on the Insidewood Database

Abstract

Information from the Inside Wood database (5,663 descriptions) was used to determine the relative abundance of selected IAWA Hardwood List Features, for the whole world and for the broad geographic regions used in the IAWA List. Features that occur in more than 75 % of the records are: growth ring boundaries indistinct or absent, diffuse porosity, exclusively simple perforation plates, alternate intervessel pitting, and non-septate fibers. The geographic distribution of vessel element features found in this study is consistent with previous studies: ring porosity is a Northern Hemisphere adaptation; numerous, narrow, short vessel elements are more common in temperate regions than in tropical regions. Element size is related to habit, with few wide vessels being a syndrome that is virtually absent from shrubs and small trees. The co-occurrence of selected features, ones that earlier have been suggested to be correlated, was examined; e.g., tangential vessel arrangement and ring porosity, rare axial parenchyma and septate fibers, tracheids and exclusively solitary vessels that are of medium to wide diameter. Axial parenchyma features show geographic variation, with aliform to confluent parenchyma and bands more than 3 cells wide being primarily tropical in occurrence. Storied rays, crystals, and silica bodies are more common in the tropics than in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. For ray features, geographic patterns are less apparent. In Australia, incidences of some features (vestured pits, solitary vessels, radial/diagonal vessel arrangement) are influenced by the Myrtaceae being a major component of the flora. This paper is but a general overview. Information from the Inside Wood database when combined with detailed information on ecological and geographical distributions of species, and subjected to more robust statistical analyses can be used to address a variety of questions on the evolution of wood structure and the ecological and phylogenetic significance of suites of features.

Anatomia do lenho de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae) ocorrente em dois ambientes

“…Por outro lado, as camadas de crescimento foram anteriormente descritas como indistintas em E. contortisiliquum (Mainieri & Chimelo 1989) e formadas por zonas fibrosas em E. maximum Ducke (Fedalto et al 1989). A existência de camadas de crescimento no lenho de espécies de regiões temperadas e tropicais é conhecida há muito tempo, sendo mais comum em plantas de zonas temperadas como ressaltado por Wheeler et al (2007). Por sua grande importância ecofisiológica, a atividade sazonal dessas espécies tem recebido a atenção dos vários pesquisadores que investigam a anatomia do lenho no estudo da anatomia ecológica, da periodicidade de crescimento e da atividade cambial, como Iqbal & Ghouse (1987) (Goulart & Marcati 2008).…”

“…Utilizando dados da literatura, Jansen et al (2004) registraram, em um universo de 11.843, um percentual de 32% de espécies com pontoações guarnecidas. Já Wheeler et al (2007), analisando as descrições 5.663 espécies registradas no InsideWood database, verificaram que 28% das espécies apresentavam pontoações guarnecidas, indicando a necessidade de se buscar melhor conhecer tais estruturas.…”

Anatomical Properties of Three Lesser Utilised Ghanaian Hardwood Species

“…It was proposed that there is a negative relationship between mechanical strength and conductive efficiency and a positive relationship between mechanical strength and safety. Wheeler et al [22] in discussing the variation in global dicotyledon wood anatomy, asserts that woods with thick-walled fibers have thick-wall vessels which result in low conductive efficiency. Therefore it is understandable that Sterculia rhinopetala with thick-walled fibers has low water uptake due to narrow vessel lumen.…”

Physiological and Genomic Basis of Mechanical-Functional Trade-Off in Plant Vasculature

“…There are distinct similarities between woody dicots and Arabidopsis inflorescence stems with respect to vessel length and diameter as well as presence of simple perforation plates and border Hacke et al, 2006;Schweingruber, 2006;Wheeler et al, 2007;Christman and Sperry, 2010). It has a genetic potential to develop ray cells and rayless wood is observed in juvenile trees (Carlquist, 2009;Dulin and Kirchoff, 2010).…”