Variations in climate parameters at time intervals from hundreds to tens of millions of years in the past and its relation to solar activity

Araucaria growth response to solar and climate variability in South Brazil

“…3), we observe that the period of 6.6 and 35 years may be the beat period (the rate of alternation between constructive and destructive wave interference) results from the periods of 11 and 16.2 years, [(1/11)+(1/16.2) ∼ = 1/6.6] and [(1/11)−(1/16.2) ∼ = 1/35], respectively, as discussed by Raspopov et al (2000Raspopov et al ( , 2001. In the same way, the periods of 17.5 and 33.5 years may also be a result from the beat period of 23 and 73.…”

“…In addition, there is evidence of solar cycles in living and fossil tree-ring time series (Mori, 1981;Ammons et al, 1983;Nordemann et al, 2005;Raspopov et al, 2011;Prestes et al, 2011Prestes et al, , 2014Dorotovič et al, 2014;Perone et al, 2016). Rigozo et al (2008) used 12 tree-ring thickness time series from Passo Fundo (Brazil) to search for solar activity periodicities; however they did not present a study about the rest of the periodicities found in the Passo Fundo records.…”

“…For a paleoclimatic study, Raspopov et al (2011) used fossil trees of ∼ 70 000 years old (380 rings) and ∼ 12 000 years old (120 rings). Using the fossil of ∼ 70 000 years old, the researchers found periodicities of 8-10, 20-22, and 100-120 years that correspond to Schwabe, Hale, and Gleissberg cycles, respectively.…”

“…For Raspopov et al (2000Raspopov et al ( , 2001, the Brückner cycle is a result of solar activity nonlinear effects in the terrestrial environment. They found that the combination of the Gleissberg cycle (∼ 90 years) and the Hale cycle (22 years) may result in the Brückner cycle ((1/22) − (1/90) ∼ = 1/30) or in the Saros lunar cycle ((1/90) + (1/22) ∼ = 1/17).…”

“…They found that the combination of the Gleissberg cycle (∼ 90 years) and the Hale cycle (22 years) may result in the Brückner cycle ((1/22) − (1/90) ∼ = 1/30) or in the Saros lunar cycle ((1/90) + (1/22) ∼ = 1/17). Therefore, Raspopov et al (2000Raspopov et al ( , 2001 concluded that the periods of between ∼ 17 and ∼ 18 and ∼ 30 and ∼ 35 years might also be a result of solar activity nonlinear effect in atmospheric processes. Kurths et al (1993) showed that the combinations of two periods of 12.6 and 17.1 year could generate periods of 7.3 and 47.9 years as mathematical described by the following equations: (1/12.6) + (1/17.1) ∼ = 1/7.3, and (1/12.6) − (1/17.1) ∼ = 1/47.9.…”