Variations in biocorona formation related to defects in the structure of single walled carbon nanotubes and the hyperlipidemic disease state

Abstract

Ball-milling utilizes mechanical stress to modify properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) including size, capping, and functionalization. Ball-milling, however, may introduce structural defects resulting in altered CNT-biomolecule interactions. Nanomaterial-biomolecule interactions result in the formation of the biocorona (BC), which alters nanomaterial properties, function, and biological responses. The formation of the BC is governed by the nanomaterial physicochemical properties and the physiological environment. Underlying disease states such as cardiovascular disease can alter the biological milieu possibly leading to unique BC identities. In this ex vivo study, we evaluated variations in the formation of the BC on single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) due to physicochemical alterations in structure resulting from ball-milling and variations in the environment due to the high-cholesterol disease state. Increased ball-milling time of SWCNTs resulted in enhanced structural defects. Following incubation in normal mouse serum, label-free quantitative proteomics identified differences in the biomolecular content of the BC due to the ball-milling process. Further, incubation in cholesterol-rich mouse serum resulted in the formation of unique BCs compared to SWCNTs incubated in normal serum. Our study demonstrates that the BC is modified due to physicochemical modifications such as defects induced by ball-milling and physiological disease conditions, which may result in variable biological responses.

<p>Vitamin K1 As A Potential Molecule For Reducing Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Stimulated α-Synuclein Structural Changes And Cytotoxicity</p>

“…However, when CNTs interact with proteins, their effects on structural changes of proteins and associated cytotoxicity are not comprehensively understood. In this regard, the results of Ge et al,46 Ebrahim-Habibi et al,47 and Raghavendra et al48 displayed that the interaction of proteins with SWCNTs would be dictated by functional groups on nanotube surface, which will be very effective in controlling the cytotoxicity of SWCNTs. On the other hand, the results of Du et al49 demonstrated that SWCNTs caused the aggregation of lysozyme protein with a change in the protein structure.…”

Continued Efforts on Nanomaterial‐Environmental Health and Safety Is Critical to Maintain Sustainable Growth of Nanoindustry

“…ENMs rarely stay put under various environmental conditions or inside cells, tissues, and organs, even for those conventionally considered to be stable (e.g., SiO 2 , MoS 2 , CdSe, graphene oxide, rare earth oxides, Ag, etc.). The first thing that happens when ENMs are introduced to the biological environments is the formation of protein/lipid corona, which will change the properties of ENMs immediately and impact the bioavailability and biodistribution as well as safety profiles, [52][53][54][55][56] and transformations (morphology, speciation, oxidation/reduction states, dissolution, recrystallization/reformation, etc.) can remarkably alter their physicochemical properties, and consequently, their fate, transport, and biological effects.…”

Biocorona‐induced modifications in engineered nanomaterial–cellular interactions impacting biomedical applications

“…The majority of experimentation regarding biological responses to NPs has been performed in normal, healthy scenarios. However, clinical applications will result in the introduction of NPs into diseased environments with altered circulating biomolecules, which may influence NP–BC formation and subsequent cellular responses (Raghavendra, Fritz, Fu, Brown, & Shannahan, ; J. H. Shannahan et al, ). A study of iron‐oxide NPs compared the differential cellular effects of BCs formed within healthy or hyperlipidemic serum (J. H. Shannahan et al, ).…”