Variations in bark acidity and conductivity over the trunk length of silver fir and Norway spruce

Legrand, I.; Asta, J.; Goudard, Yves

doi:10.1007/s004680050058

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…They found that the pH values of conifers (Pinus nigra and P. sylvestris) were lower than those of deciduous trees, and concluded that the dependence on the tree species could be related to the process of formation of the rhytidome. Legrand et al (1996) reported variations in bark acidity over the trunk length of silver fir (Abies pectinata) and Norway spruce (Picea abies). Acidity was correlated with bark thickness in silver fir but not in Norway spruce; the authors suggested that the difference was due to the rhytidome function of each species.…”

Section: Origin Of Hydrogen Ionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Ion exchange reactions on the stem surface of Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.

Takenaka

Sasama

2000

Trees

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In order to clarify the sources of soil acidification below stands of hinoki (Chamecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.), artificial stemflow experiments were performed to separate out the role rainfall acidity has from that of the acidity potentially occurring during stemflow. Various solutions, including distilled water, NaCl, NH 4 Cl, KCl and CaCl 2 +MgCl 2 solutions, were added in a controlled manner to the upper stem and the solutions systematically collected at breast height. Although the original pH values of the salt solutions were around 5.5, the pH values of stemflow ranged from 3.8 to 4.2. The ion balance [anion (including bicarbonate ions) to cation concentration] decreased with initial stemflow but recovered after ca. 5 l of flow. At this point, pH values continued to decrease and this decrease was accompanied by a decrease in the cation concentration of the stemflow. These results indicate that there are two ways by which stemflow can be acidified. In the initial stage of flow, organic and inorganic acids are dissolved in the stemflow. Following this, ion exchange occurs between cations contained in the stemflow and hydrogen ions adsorbed in the stem. The last step appears most critical in the acidification process. Materials and methodsExperiments were performed in the Mie Prefecture Forestry Research Institute's experimental forest (34°40′N, 138°20′E; altitude: ca. 230 m) in central Japan. A 12-m tower was built in a 31-yearold hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.) plantation. Two

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Section: Origin Of Hydrogen Ionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Bark biodegradation is considered to be one of the possible processes for the production of hydrogen ions, but Legrand et al (1996) argued against this possibility because of its slow reaction under natural conditions. The production mechanism of hydrogen ions on the stem surface is the next important subject to be clarified.…”

Section: Origin Of Hydrogen Ionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion exchange reactions on the stem surface of Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.

Takenaka

Sasama

2000

Trees

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“…Older, more acidic bark at tree bases has been more greatly leached from a higher volume of stemflow over a longer period of time than younger bark at tree-tops. The increase in pH with height above the ground observed by Legrand et al (1996) was attributed to the relative length of time bark had been subjected to stemflow, and enrichment of that stemflow with organic acids leached from the canopy can further contribute to lower pH values (Kermit & Gauslaa 2001). Bark pH generally decreases with tree age (Brown 1982), and most trees in this study were canopy dominants of advanced age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Mean pH values observed in this study were lower than values reported for other conifer species. Bark pH for Pinus sylvestris has been reported as 3.4-4.0 (Barkman 1958;Kuusinen 1996;Lõhmus & Lõhmus 2001), that of P. nigra as 3.3, P. pinaster as 3.1 (Barkman 1958), P. albicaulis as 3.8-3.9 (Kalgutkar & Bird 1969), P. contorta as 3.7-4.4 (Gough 1975), P. ponderosa as 4.8-5.1 (Gough 1975), Abies lasiocarpa as 4.6-4.8 (Gough 1975) and the outer bark of A. pectinata (A. alba) as 3.76-4.0 (Legrand et al 1996). The lower values found in this study may be attributed to differences in sampling techniques.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and composition of corticolous epiphyte communities in a Sierra Nevada old-growth mixed-conifer forest

Rambo

2010

The Bryologist

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“…Stem rot pathogens on Japanese cedar, for instance, have been found to lower pH in comparison with uninfested portions of the tree trunk. [27] Given the fact that bark pH [28] and bark waterstorage capacity [29] have been documented to change along the vertical profile of a canopy, it would be informative to investigate the relationship between bark water-storage capacity and bark pH with our method. Such an exercise could yield insights into the influence of stem pathogens on bark pH.…”

Section: Measurement Of Bark Ph With Agar-agar Panels: Sample Applicamentioning

confidence: 99%

AnIn SituMethod to Measure and Map Bark pH

Köhler

Levia

Jungkunst

et al. 2015

Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology

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Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information:Bark pH is an essential parameter which partly governs the chemistry of the bark as well as its suitability as a microhabitat to a wide range of epiphytic organisms. Bark pH is known to vary with tree species, epiphytic cover, stemflow channelization, and anthropogenic influences. To date, reliable methods to quantify the spatial and temporal dimensions of bark pH have remained elusive. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate an in situ method to measure the surface pH of bark with high spatial resolution. Agar-agar panels, prepared with a pH indicator, were used to quantify and map the spatial variation of bark pH for cacao trees in Indonesia. Fine-scale changes of bark pH were clearly detectable and quantifiable with our bark pH mapping method. Bark pH was found to vary as a function of bark microrelief and the presence of epiphytes. The use of pH reference panels validated the bark pH measurements obtained from our method. The bark pH measurement method developed, described, and validated in this article is inexpensive and straightforward. It has the potential for wide adoption by scientists across disciplines who are interested in bark pH and its effect on life in the cortisphere. Unlike conventional methods to measure bark pH in deionized water or KCl extracts, our method is able to identify fine-scale spatial changes in bark pH that are relevant for the colonization of bark by organisms.

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Variations in bark acidity and conductivity over the trunk length of silver fir and Norway spruce

Cited by 22 publications

References 9 publications

Ion exchange reactions on the stem surface of Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.

Ion exchange reactions on the stem surface of Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.

Structure and composition of corticolous epiphyte communities in a Sierra Nevada old-growth mixed-conifer forest

AnIn SituMethod to Measure and Map Bark pH

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