VARIATIONS IN ACTIVITIES OF GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE AND TREHALASE DURING THE PERIODIC FRUITING OF THE EDIBLE MUSHROOM <i>AGARICUS BISPORUS</i> (LANGE) IMBACH.

Wells, Terence K.; Hammond, John B. W.; Dickerson, A. G.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1987.tb00864.x

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Trehalase activity was reported to be highest during the peak of each flush, while low activity was detected during the interflush period [ 16 ], which correlates well with the highest expression of a putative trehalase encoding gene in fruiting bodies of our study. In contrast, trehalose phosphorylase was found to increase during the interflush period [ 34 ], which was also confirmed by the expression analysis in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…A shift in fungal metabolism takes place during development of the fruiting body of A. bisporus that is closely linked to an increased rate of cellulose and hemicellulose degradation [15]. The production of laccase and cellulase was suggested to be connected to the high rate and flow of carbon metabolism during fruiting body development [16,17]. Lignin degradation by A. bisporus decreases towards the end of the mushroom production cycle [18-20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trehalose also serves as a reserve carbohydrate, which is present at lower levels than mannitol that decline during fruiting body development. It has been suggested that trehalose is synthesized in the mycelium and translocated to the fruiting body [ 16 , 32 , 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbohydrate utilization and metabolism is highly differentiated in Agaricus bisporus

et al. 2013

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BackgroundAgaricus bisporus is commercially grown on compost, in which the available carbon sources consist mainly of plant-derived polysaccharides that are built out of various different constituent monosaccharides. The major constituent monosaccharides of these polysaccharides are glucose, xylose, and arabinose, while smaller amounts of galactose, glucuronic acid, rhamnose and mannose are also present.ResultsIn this study, genes encoding putative enzymes from carbon metabolism were identified and their expression was studied in different growth stages of A. bisporus. We correlated the expression of genes encoding plant and fungal polysaccharide modifying enzymes identified in the A. bisporus genome to the soluble carbohydrates and the composition of mycelium grown compost, casing layer and fruiting bodies.ConclusionsThe compost grown vegetative mycelium of A. bisporus consumes a wide variety of monosaccharides. However, in fruiting bodies only hexose catabolism occurs, and no accumulation of other sugars was observed. This suggests that only hexoses or their conversion products are transported from the vegetative mycelium to the fruiting body, while the other sugars likely provide energy for growth and maintenance of the vegetative mycelium. Clear correlations were found between expression of the genes and composition of carbohydrates. Genes encoding plant cell wall polysaccharide degrading enzymes were mainly expressed in compost-grown mycelium, and largely absent in fruiting bodies. In contrast, genes encoding fungal cell wall polysaccharide modifying enzymes were expressed in both fruiting bodies and vegetative mycelium, but different gene sets were expressed in these samples.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbohydrate utilization and metabolism is highly differentiated in Agaricus bisporus

et al. 2013

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“…In fruiting cultures growing on the commercial substrate (composted cereal straw), the physiological role of cellulase is thought to be replenishment of carbon metabolites in the mycelium (37,40). During active carbon translocation from the mycelium to the developing fruit bodies, intracellular carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes undergo phased regulation of enzyme activity (15).…”

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confidence: 99%

The cel3 gene of Agaricus bisporus codes for a modular cellulase and is transcriptionally regulated by the carbon source

Chow

Yagüe

Raguz

et al. 1994

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A 52-kDa protein, CEL3, has been separated from the culture filtrate ofAgaricus bisporus during growth on cellulose. A PCR-derived probe was made, with a degenerate oligodeoxynucleotide derived from the amino acid sequence of a CEL3 CNBr cleavage product and was used to select ceI3 cDNA clones from an A. bisporus cDNA library. Two allelic cDNAs were isolated. They showed 98.8% identity of their nucleotide sequences. The deduced amino acid sequence and domain architecture of CEL3 showed a high degree of similarity to those of cellobiohydrolase II of Trichoderma reesei. Functional expression of cel3 cDNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was achieved by placing it under the control of a constitutive promoter and fusing it to the yeast invertase signal sequence. Recombinant CEL3 secreted by yeast showed enzymatic activity towards crystalline cellulose. At long reaction times, CEL3 was also able to degrade carboxymethyl cellulose. Northern (RNA) analysis showed that cel3 gene expression was induced by cellulose and repressed by glucose, fructose, 2-deoxyglucose, and lactose. Glycerol, mannitol, sorbitol, and maltose were neutral carbon sources. Nuclear run-on analysis showed that the rate of synthesis of cel3 mRNA in cellulose-grown cultures was 13 times higher than that in glucose-grown cultures. A low basal rate of cel3 mRNA synthesis was observed in the nuclei isolated from glucose-grown mycelia.

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“…Cooked mature and immature shiitake mushrooms contained slightly more than 20% of dry weight as starch as determined by amyloglucosidase digestion. Some fungi produce glycogen [27]; however, data on its abundance in shiitakes are lacking. Information on starch and glycogen content in edible mushrooms is generally unavailable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starch Concentrations in Log-Grown Shiitake Mushrooms (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler)

Brauer¹

2011

TOMYCJ

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Shiitake (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler) mushrooms have a reputation as a healthy food, in part from the abundance of different polysaccharides that may have functional food activities. However, the total polysaccharide content of mushrooms may not represent the functional food activity if they contain significant concentrations of starch. There are few reports characterizing the starch content of shiitakes. This report summarizes several studies that examined the effects of shiitake strains, mushroom cap development, inoculated tree log species, and length of saprophytic association on the starch concentrations. Starch concentrations in shiitake mushrooms varied between 20 and 100 mg g-1 tissue (dry weight basis). Results indicate that the starch concentrations in shiitake mushrooms are influenced by the spawn source, the characteristics of the environment and the interaction between fungal phenotypes and environment. General trends include: 1) mushrooms harvested at more immature stages of development (during bud break or before veil break) tended to have lower starch concentrations; and 2) the initial harvests of mushrooms from an inoculated log tended to have higher starch concentrations.

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VARIATIONS IN ACTIVITIES OF GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE AND TREHALASE DURING THE PERIODIC FRUITING OF THE EDIBLE MUSHROOM AGARICUS BISPORUS (LANGE) IMBACH.

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Carbohydrate utilization and metabolism is highly differentiated in Agaricus bisporus

Carbohydrate utilization and metabolism is highly differentiated in Agaricus bisporus

The cel3 gene of Agaricus bisporus codes for a modular cellulase and is transcriptionally regulated by the carbon source

Starch Concentrations in Log-Grown Shiitake Mushrooms (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler)

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