Variations in abundance, diversity and community composition of airborne fungi in swine houses across seasons

Kumari, Priyanka; Woo, Cheolwoon; Yamamoto, Naomichi; Choi, Hee Sun

doi:10.1038/srep37929

Cited by 50 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Importantly, air samples and nasal samples from pigs showed the same trend as the nasal swabs from pig farmers, with increased alpha diversity values in winter. Previous studies also found higher diversity in winter than in summer for both bacteria and fungi in the air in pig confinement buildings (16,17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…In winter, openings such as doors and windows are closed, and a lower ventilation rate is taken up to minimalize heat loss. There are studies that have investigated seasonal variabilities of bacteria, archaea, and fungi in the air of pig buildings, and they have found a seasonal effect (16)(17)(18)(19). However, none of these studies have investigated the influence of this variability on the human nasal microbiota.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Indoor-Air Microbiota of Pig Farms Drives the Composition of the Pig Farmers’ Nasal Microbiota in a Season-Dependent and Farm-Specific Manner

Kraemer

Aebi

Oppliger

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Prior studies have demonstrated an influence of the built environment on the human nasal microbiota. However, very little is known about the influences of working on a pig farm on the human nasal microbiota. We longitudinally collected samples from 30 pig farms (air and nasal swabs from humans and pigs) in Switzerland from 2014 to 2015. As controls, nasal swabs from cow farmers and individuals with no contact with farm animals were included. An analysis of the microbiota for all samples (n = 609) was performed based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing (MiSeq) and included the investigations of source-sink dynamics. The numbers of indoor airborne particles and bacterial loads in pig farms were also investigated and were highest in winter. Similarly, the microbiota analyses revealed that the alpha diversity values of the nares of pig farmers were increased in winter in contrast to those of samples from the nonexposed controls, which displayed low alpha diversity values throughout the seasons. Source-sink analyses revealed that bacteria from the noses of pigs are more commonly coidentified within the pig farmers' microbiota in winter but to a less extent in summer. In addition, in winter, there was a stronger intrasimilarity for samples that originated from the same farm than for samples from different farms, and this farm specificity was partially or completely lost in spring, summer, and fall. In conclusion, in contrast to nonexposed controls, a pig farmer’s nasal microbiota is dynamic, as the indoor-air microbiota of pig farms drives the composition of the pig farmer’s nasal microbiota in a season-dependent manner. IMPORTANCE The airborne microbiota of pig farms poses a potential health hazard and impacts both livestock and humans working in this environment. Therefore, a more thorough understanding of the microbiota composition and dynamics in this setting is needed. This study was of a prospective design (12 months) and used samples from different sites. This means that the microbiota of air, animals (pigs), and humans was simultaneously investigated. Our findings highlight that the potential health hazard might be particularly high in winter compared to that in summer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Indoor-Air Microbiota of Pig Farms Drives the Composition of the Pig Farmers’ Nasal Microbiota in a Season-Dependent and Farm-Specific Manner

Kraemer

Aebi

Oppliger

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Next-generation sequencing platforms (including SOLiD, Illumina and 454 sequencing) coupled with a powerful database and user-friendly software are beneficial for the analysis of a complex microbial community at deeper, more comprehensive level 17 , 22 . To date, next-generation high-throughput DNA sequencing techniques have been successfully applied in microbial community analyses of various environmental and organic samples, such as soil 23 , air 18 , water 24 , gut 20 , 25 , leaves and roots 26 . Over the past decade, several studies of fruit microbial communities have been conducted using next-generation sequencing methods 27 – 29 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiated surface fungal communities at point of harvest on apple fruits from rural and peri-urban orchards

Shen

Nie

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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The diverse fungal communities that colonize fruit surfaces are closely associated with fruit development, preservation and quality control. However, the overall fungi adhering to the fruit surface and the inference of environmental factors are still unknown. Here, we characterized the fungal signatures on apple surfaces by sequencing internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region. We collected the surface fungal communities from apple fruits cultivated in rural and peri-urban orchards. A total of 111 fungal genera belonging to 4 phyla were identified, showing remarkable fungal diversity on the apple surface. Comparative analysis of rural samples harboured higher fungal diversity than those from peri-urban orchards. In addition, fungal composition varied significantly across apple samples. At the genus level, the protective genera Coniothyrium, Paraphaeosphaeria and Periconia were enriched in rural samples. The pathogenic genera Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Tilletiposis were enriched in peri-urban samples. Our findings indicate that rural samples maintained more diverse fungal communities on apple surfaces, whereas peri-urban-planted apple carried potential pathogenic risks. This study sheds light on ways to improve fruit cultivation and disease prevention practices.

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“…The microclimatic conditions of buildings, including relative humidity and dust concentration, are closely correlated with the fungal composition of the air (Kumari et al, 2016). A positive correlation has also been found between a high temperature in the pig house and the total number of coliforms and E. coli (Yao et al, 2010).…”

Section: Microclimatic Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Microbial contamination of the air in livestock buildings as a threat to human and animal health – a review

Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska

Trawińska

Tymczyna

et al. 2021

Annals of Animal Science

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Livestock buildings are often contaminated with bacterial and fungal microflora. Animals living in the buildings, especially their excreta and secretions and their feed, can be a source of microorganisms, including pathogens. Significant microbial contamination occurs in pig houses, poultry houses and cowsheds. The microbes most frequently isolated from the air of these buildings are bacteria of the genera Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, and Clostridium and of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Among fungi, the most common are Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Penicillium, Cladosporium and Alternaria. Microbes present in livestock buildings often pose a hazard to workers, in whom they can cause infectious and allergic diseases, especially respiratory disease. Bacterial endotoxins may also pose a threat to humans and animals. For this reason it is important to carry out microbiological monitoring and preventive measures on livestock farms and to maintain appropriate environmental conditions. This will reduce microbiological contamination of livestock buildings and improve both workers’ health and animal welfare.

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Variations in abundance, diversity and community composition of airborne fungi in swine houses across seasons

Cited by 50 publications

References 58 publications

The Indoor-Air Microbiota of Pig Farms Drives the Composition of the Pig Farmers’ Nasal Microbiota in a Season-Dependent and Farm-Specific Manner

The Indoor-Air Microbiota of Pig Farms Drives the Composition of the Pig Farmers’ Nasal Microbiota in a Season-Dependent and Farm-Specific Manner

Differentiated surface fungal communities at point of harvest on apple fruits from rural and peri-urban orchards

Microbial contamination of the air in livestock buildings as a threat to human and animal health – a review

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