Holocene sea-level changes and landscape evolution on the northern Carmel coast (Israel)

Galili, Ehud; Zviely, Dov; Weinstein‐Evron, Mina

doi:10.4000/mediterranee.1912

Cited by 34 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This is usually carried out by dating, measuring their elevation relative to the present sea-level, defining their function and determining their potential use as sea-level markers (Flemming 1969;Blackman 1973;Galili et al 1988Galili et al , 2005Galili & Sharvit 1998;Sivan et al 2001Sivan et al , 2004Lambeck et al 2004;Antonioli et al 2006;Auriemma & Solinas 2009;Anzidei et al 2011;Evelpidou et al 2012;Stanley & Bernasconi 2012). In addition to the original observations made on archaeological features during this study and presented in this work, we also reevaluated previous studies that dealt with such indicators along the coasts of Cyprus (e.g.…”

Section: Archaeological Features As Sea-level Markersmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Overall, local Holocene sea-level studies of the Levantine coast suggest that the sea-level reached its present elevation about 4 ka ago (Galili et al 2005Morhange et al 2006). Since Cyprus is located in a microtidal region of the eastern Mediterranean (≤0.5 m), such depositional and erosional features may provide valuable information about the vertical changes during the Holocene and historical times.…”

Section: Sea-level Markers and Indicators For Vertical Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Discriminating sea-level changes from local tectonic or isostatic changes can be achieved by comparing local sea-level curves with global curves (Galili et al 1988;2005). Overall, the use of installations cut into the rock rather than those built from stones enables the possible impact of erosion, settling and collapse to be eliminated.…”

Section: Archaeological Features As Sea-level Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, no submerged Holocene beachrock has been found in Cyprus (Dreghorn 1981) and, according to our fieldwork, no such rocks have been observed beyond their original elevations of deposition. Since sea-level changes in the eastern Mediterranean during the last millennia were minor (Flemming 1978(Flemming , 1969Galili et al 2005; and within the range of the tide in Cyprus (c. 60 cm), it is suggested that the beachrocks observed along the island at, or close to, the present sea-level (+30 cm) have been embedded and consolidated during the last millennia. Thus, the observed beachrocks, together with the marine notches and abrasion platforms mentioned above, are associated with the presentday sea-level, indicating relatively stable conditions along the coasts of Cyprus during the last 4 ka.…”

Section: Vertical Changes Along the Cyprus Coast Since The Late Pleismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dreghorn (1981) also reported the presence of a Neolithic jetty at the Troulli site, which at present is not at an elevation that enables it to function. Given that 7000 years ago, at the time of occupation, sea-level in the region was about 9 m lower (Galili et al 1988(Galili et al , 2005, the presence of a jetty at this elevation is most unlikely. Green (1973, p. 150) conducted marine archaeological research in the Cape Andreas area of the eastern Karpasia Peninsula and reported on relatively stable sea-level conditions 'in recent geological time'.…”

Section: Vertical Changes Along the Cyprus Coast Since The Late Pleismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Quaternary beach deposits and archaeological relicts on the coasts of Cyprus, and the possible implications of sea-level changes and tectonics on the early populations

Galili

Şevketoğlu

Salamon

et al. 2015

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Late Pleistocene beach deposits in 22 selected sites around Cyprus demonstrate the vertical changes in the Earth's crust in that island over the last 125 ka. The beach/shallow-marine deposits were observed on the abraded coastal cliffs at 3-22 m above the present sea-level. They overlie Pliocene marls, and some of them contain the Senegalese marine gastropods Persististrombus latus, Bursa granularis and Conus ermineus that no longer live in the Mediterranean. These are index fossils for the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e in the Mediterranean and, as such, suggest an uplift of up to 15.5 m over about the last 125 ka: that is a maximal rate of 0.12 mm a 21 . These findings are in accordance with Holocene beachrocks, abrasion platforms, wave notches and Roman/ Byzantine fish tanks that retained their elevations, and thus enable the reconstruction of the coast encountered by the early colonizers. While the maximal uplift since the early Holocene has been minor and did not exceed 1.2-1.5 m, the sea-level changes have reached 40-50 m. The transition between the impermeable Pliocene marls and the porous Late Pleistocene deposits above them is the origin of freshwater springs and associated vegetation. The early colonizers seemed to recognize the potential of that essential permanent source of water and excavated wells, the earliest wells known so far. The locations of the Early Neolithic settlements (Mylouthkia and Akanthou) adjacent to visible water springs along the coastal cliffs may not be incidental. Not surprisingly, recent wells dug in the coastal Pleistocene deposits rely on the very same hydrological setting.Supplementary material: Appendices 1 -4, which include tables and diagrams showing the vertical changes (m) and rates of vertical changes (mm ka 21 ), assuming that MIS5e isotope stage deposits are 122 ka old and are at elevation of 7.2 m asl, or 116 ka at 6.5 m, are available at

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Section: Archaeological Features As Sea-level Markersmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Sea-level Markers and Indicators For Vertical Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Archaeological Features As Sea-level Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vertical Changes Along the Cyprus Coast Since The Late Pleismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vertical Changes Along the Cyprus Coast Since The Late Pleismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Quaternary beach deposits and archaeological relicts on the coasts of Cyprus, and the possible implications of sea-level changes and tectonics on the early populations

Galili

Şevketoğlu

Salamon

et al. 2015

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Physical Characteristics of the Continental Shelves of the East Mediterranean Basin

Galili

Nir²,

Vachtman

et al. 2017

Submerged Landscapes of the European Continental Shelf

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The Purpose and Age of Underwater Walls in the Bay of Elaia of Western Turkey: A Multidisciplinary Approach

et al. 2014

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Pergamum (modern: Bergama) was operating an important harbour used by military forces and merchants at the city of Elaia during Hellenistic and Roman Imperial times. Harbour‐related facilities such as warehouses, breakwaters and wharfs document the importance of this harbour site not only for the Pergamenians. This paper focuses on the purpose and age of six submerged wall structures situated approximately 1 km south of the ancient closed harbour basin of Elaia. Geoelectric cross‐sections and semi‐aquatic coring near these walls failed to detect any solid basement under the walls which excludes their possible use as breakwaters or wharfs. Instead, the walls were most likely delineating and separating evaporation ponds of salt works, which compares well with similar structures from other periods and places around the Mediterranean. Combined OSL and 14C‐dating determined the construction age of the installation between the 4th and 6th centuries A.D. Subsequent (re‐)uses are likely and are in agreement with findings from archaeological surveys.

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Holocene sea-level changes and landscape evolution on the northern Carmel coast (Israel)

Cited by 34 publications

References 6 publications

Late Quaternary beach deposits and archaeological relicts on the coasts of Cyprus, and the possible implications of sea-level changes and tectonics on the early populations

Late Quaternary beach deposits and archaeological relicts on the coasts of Cyprus, and the possible implications of sea-level changes and tectonics on the early populations

Physical Characteristics of the Continental Shelves of the East Mediterranean Basin

The Purpose and Age of Underwater Walls in the Bay of Elaia of Western Turkey: A Multidisciplinary Approach

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