Variations and factors that influence the formation of polychlorinated naphthalenes in cement kilns co-processing solid waste

Jin, Rui-Bo; Zhan, Jiayu; Liu, Guorui; Zhao, Yuyang; Zheng, Minghui

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.003

Cited by 34 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This indicated that optimization of the operating conditions for stages at the kiln-end area and C1 preheater should be emphasized for inhibiting PCB formation. This is consistent with previous studies that reported high PCDD/F and PCN concentrations in samples from the SP boiler and humidifier tower, kiln-end bag filter, and C1 preheater Jin et al, 2016).…”

Section: Variation Of Pcb Concentrations Within the Kiln Systems Coprsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in cement kilns co-processing solid waste

et al. 2017

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h i g h l i g h t sVariations of PCBs within cement kilns co-processing solid waste were evaluated. Kiln end area and cyclone preheater were dominant sites of PCB formation. Tetra-to hexa-chlorinated biphenyls were dominant PCB homologues. Co-processing of waste in cement kilns did not increase PCB emissions. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tCo-incineration of sewage sludge in cement kilns can be used for its disposal. In the present study, samples were collected from three cement production runs where sewage sludge and other wastes (e.g. municipal solid waste, waste acid and wet sewage sludge) were co-processed. The samples were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The dioxin-like (dl)-PCB concentrations in the stack gases from run 1, 2, and 3 were 344.6, 548.7, and 104.3 pg m À3 , respectively. The toxic equivalency (TEQs) values for runs 1, 2, and 3 were 5.6, 8.9, and 0.7 pg TEQ Nm À3 , respectively. Calculation of net emissions for the three runs indicated that the co-incineration of other waste in addition to sewage sludge in cement kilns would not increase emission of the dl-PCBs. PCB concentrations in samples from the suspension boiler and humidifier tower, kiln-end bag filter, and cyclone preheater were much higher than those in samples from the kiln head area, indicating that these stages will be important for controlling PCB formation. Chlorinated biphenyl (CB)-77, CB-105 and CB-118 were the major dl-PCB congeners, CB-52, CB-101 were the major indicator PCB congeners, and tetra-CB to hexa-CB were the major homologues for the total input or output materials.

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Section: Variation Of Pcb Concentrations Within the Kiln Systems Coprsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The techniques used in the three runs and the sampling sites are shown in Fig. 1, and were similar to those in a previous study (Jin et al, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in cement kilns co-processing solid waste

et al. 2017

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“…The concentrations of Cl-PAHs and Br-PAHs in both stack gas and solid residues varied largely among facilities. The composition of feeding materials is an important factor influencing the formation of unintentional POPs, 42,43 whereas fractions of scrap copper is the important factor influencing the formation and release of POPs. 20 In this study, the concentrations of Cl-PAHs and Br-PAHs in the fly ash of plant C5, which used the 100% scrap copper with many more organic residues as the raw materials, were highest, which further confirmed the important influence of raw material composition on the emission levels of Cl-PAHs and Br-PAHs.…”

Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Copper Smelters as Sources of Chlorinated and Brominated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Jin

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The generation of and extent to which chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Cl/Br-PAHs) are formed and released from secondary copper smelters remain unknown. This field study, to our knowledge, is the first to identify secondary copper smelters as new sources of Cl/Br-PAHs. Mass concentrations of ∑Cl-PAHs and ∑Br-PAHs ranged from 5.8 to 271 ng Nm and 0.59 to 52.4 ng Nm, respectively. A comparison of Cl/Br-PAH concentrations in stack gas and fly ash from secondary copper smelters indicated that the use of scrap copper as raw material or the addition of coal or heavy oil as reductant may contribute to the elevated formation and emission of Cl/Br-PAHs. Congener profiles of Cl/Br-PAHs in stack gas and fly ash from secondary copper smelters were different with those of Cl/Br-PAHs from waste incinerations and other previously reported sources, thus could be used as possible fingerprints and source apportionments of environmental Cl/Br-PAHs. Atmospheric levels of Cl/Br-PAHs in the workplace or smelter surroundings were determined and potential exposures were assessed. Although chlorination of PAHs was previously recognized as an important formation pathway of Cl/Br-PAHs, it was not verified to be the major formation pathway for Cl/Br-PAHs from secondary copper smelters in this study.

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“…The advantages of co-processing of hazardous waste in a cement kiln include high incineration temperature, stable burning state, the neutralization of acid waste gas, long retention time, greenhouse gas emission reduction and low cost (Lamas et al, 2013; Liu and Zhang, 2011). Thus, cement kilns have become important facilities for disposing of hazardous waste in many countries (Jin et al, 2016; Sarc et al, 2014; Xu et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the evolution and transformation of chlorine during co-processing of hazardous waste incineration residue in a cement kiln

et al. 2019

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The co-processing of hazardous waste in a cement kiln can eliminate a large quantity of hazardous wastes, but the excessive existence of chlorine will affect not only the operation of a cement kiln but also the quality of cement products. In this study, the mixtures of hazardous waste incineration residue and raw meal were incinerated in a high temperature tubular furnace. The distribution ratio of chlorine in flue gas, clinker and fly ash under different experiment conditions was obtained and the influence of the co-processing conditions on chlorine evolution and transformation was studied. The results showed that chlorine mainly existed in flue gas and clinker, and only less than 1% of chlorine existed in fly ash. The incineration temperature had a significant influence on the distribution of chlorine. The higher the incinerating temperature, the greater the distribution ratio of chlorine in flue gas and fly ash. The proportion of chlorine in all parts remained basically unchanged while the temperature was higher than 1300°C. With the increase of the retention time, the proportion of chlorine released into the flue gas increased. The distribution ratio of chlorine in each part remained unchanged after about 30 minutes. There were four stages of the rate of chlorine release. In addition, the chlorine content of the sample had little effect on the partition of chlorine. Some suggestions on the co-processing of hazardous waste in a cement kiln are put forward based on these experimental results.

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Variations and factors that influence the formation of polychlorinated naphthalenes in cement kilns co-processing solid waste

Cited by 34 publications

References 43 publications

Profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in cement kilns co-processing solid waste

Profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in cement kilns co-processing solid waste

Secondary Copper Smelters as Sources of Chlorinated and Brominated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Study on the evolution and transformation of chlorine during co-processing of hazardous waste incineration residue in a cement kiln

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