Variational Bayes algorithm and posterior consistency of Ising model parameter estimation

Abstract

Ising models originated in statistical physics and are widely used in modeling spatial data and computer vision problems. However, statistical inference of this model remains challenging due to intractable nature of the normalizing constant in the likelihood. Here, we use a pseudo-likelihood instead to study the Bayesian estimation of two-parameter, inverse temperature, and magnetization, Ising model with a fully specified coupling matrix. We develop a computationally efficient variational Bayes procedure for model estimation. Under the Gaussian mean-field variational family, we derive posterior contraction rates of the variational posterior obtained under the pseudolikelihood. We also discuss the loss incurred due to variational posterior over true posterior for the pseudo-likelihood approach. Extensive simulation studies validate the efficacy of mean-field Gaussian and bivariate Gaussian families as the possible choices of the variational family for inference of Ising model parameters.