Variational analysis of single-mode inhomogeneous planar optical waveguide

Numerical Local-Index-Integration Method of Efficient Beam Propagation Simulations

“…(3), n s is the index of the substrate, n c is the index of the cover region, and Án denotes a measure of the increase in refractive index profile. 7) f ðxÞ is a function of the profile. In this short note, we considered three index profiles of Gaussian, exponential, and complementary error func-tions.…”

“…, and a is the effective depth of infusion 7) ) of slab waveguides having the index profiles of eq. ( 3) with Gaussian, exponential, and complementary error functions of f ðxÞ.…”

“…We used the same parameters adopted in ref. 7 and compared the calculation results with the exact ones reported in ref. 7.…”

“…7 and compared the calculation results with the exact ones reported in ref. 7. The numerical errors in the normalized propagation constants of the first mode are plotted in Fig.…”