Variation tendency of pollution characterization, sources, and health risks of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an emerging megacity in China: Based on three-year data

Jiang, Nan; Li, Liping; Wang, Shanshan; Li, Qiang; Dong, Zhe; Duan, Shiguang; Zhang, Ruiqin; Li, Shengli

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.10.023

Cited by 41 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Given the pessimistic outlook for global PAH pollution, it is necessary to conduct long-term monitoring and control. Since China promulgated the ambient air quality standard (GB 3095-2012) in 2012, over 200 stations in the country have been monitoring the atmospheric environment, releasing real-time data, and managing environmental normalization as per the new national environmental standard (Jiang et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2019;Han et al, 2020). China, on the other hand, has a large population base, a densely populated population, and a highly mobile population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation, sources, and risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Nantong, China: A pre- and post-COVID-19 case study

Guo

Chen

Liu³

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Between 2018 and 2022, a total of 231 PM2.5 samples were collected in Nantong, China, and analyzed online for 16 US EPA PAHs utilizing a variety of analytical methodologies, including high-performance liquid chromatography data analysis, principal component analysis, and characteristic ratio analysis. The seasonal variation and pollution characteristics of 16 PAHs in PM2.5 over a long period in Nantong, China, were analyzed, and correlations and traceability changes with a variety of emission sources were established. Additionally, health assessment models for BaP equivalent concentration, daily exposure dose, lifetime excess risk of cancer, and life expectancy loss were constructed for various ages and genders. The results indicated that the total number of days with BaP concentrations less than the national limit standard of 1.0 ng/m3 was 60.17% (139/231), with rates of 25.40%, 35.71%, and 94.05% from 2019 to 2021, respectively; the total concentration range of 16 PAHs demonstrated a downward trend, but pollution was relatively severe in winter. The seasonal variation showed winter > autumn > spring > summer. The detection rates of 4 and 5 rings were generally high and fluctuated between dropping and increasing. Principal factor analysis and characteristic ratio traceability analysis indicated that PAH pollution is primarily caused by local coal-fired sources and traffic emissions, with a new trend of biomass combustion. Furthermore, BaP remains the primary contributor to carcinogenic factors, and the health risk is higher in females than in males, and in adults than in children. A low level of PAHs in the air may have health benefits. Traffic control and flow restrictions, as well as production restrictions, are all part of Nantong’s COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control policies. These policies contributed to PAH risk prevention and control, as well as pollution reduction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation, sources, and risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Nantong, China: A pre- and post-COVID-19 case study

Guo

Chen

Liu³

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…In this paper, the air clusters were analyzed using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT) to distinguish the differences of potential source contributions in the three periods. In previous studies, it is shown that regional transport has an important influence on Zhengzhou's air quality, especially the air mass from the BTH region (Jiang et al, 2019;. Figure S4 shows the 48 h backward trajectory results during the sampling period.…”

Section: Meteorological Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds, source apportionment, and the ozone–NO<sub>x</sub>–VOC sensitivities in a heavily polluted megacity of central China: effect of sporting events and emission reductions

Shang

Yin

et al. 2021

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The implementation of strict emission control during the 11th National Minority Games (NMG) in September 2019 provided a valuable opportunity to assess the impact of such emission controls on the characteristics of VOCs and other air pollutants. Here, we investigated the characteristics of VOCs and the O3–NOx–VOC sensitivity comprehensively in Zhengzhou before, during, and after the NMG by delivering field measurements combined with WRF-CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecasting Community Multiscale Air Quality) model simulations. The average mixing ratios of VOCs during the control periods were 121 ± 55 µg m−3 and decreased by about 19 % and 11 % before and after emission reduction. The ozone precursors (NOx) also decreased significantly during the control period; however, the ozone pollution was severe during the entire observation period. Positive matrix factorization analysis indicated seven major sources of ambient VOCs, including coal combustion, biomass burning, vehicle exhausts, industrial processes, biogenic emissions, solvent utilization, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The results show that the major source emissions, such as coal combustion and solvent utilization, were significantly reduced during the control period. As for ozone formation potential (OFP), the value during the control period was 183 ± 115 µg m−3, which was 0.23 and 0.17 times lower than before and after the control period, respectively. Solvent utilization and combustion controls were the most important measures taken to reduce OFP during the NMG period. Control policies can effectively reduce carcinogenic risk. However, non-cancer risks of ambient VOC exposures were all exceeding the safe level (hazard quotient = 1) during the sampling periods, and emphasis on the reduction of acrolein emissions was needed. In addition, the WRF-CMAQ model simulation indicated that O3 formation was controlled by VOCs in Zhengzhou. The results of the Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach showed that the NOx reduction in Zhengzhou might lead to higher ozone pollution. It is suggested that reduction ratios of the precursors (VOCs : NOx) should be more than 2, which can effectively alleviate ozone pollution.

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“…Surface ozone (O3) and PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less) are important air pollutants in the atmosphere that have harmful effects on public health (Gao and Ji, 2018;Jiang et al, 2019), ecosystems (Ren et al, 2011;Yue et al, 2017), and crops (Wang et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composited analyses of the chemical and physical characteristics of co-polluted days by ozone and PM_2.5 over 2013–2020 in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region

Dai

Liu²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. The co-polluted days by ozone (O3) and PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of 2.5 μm or less) (O3&PM2.5PD) were frequently observed in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region in warm seasons (April–October) of 2013–2020. We applied the 3-D global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to investigate the chemical and physical characteristics of O3&PM2.5PD by composited analyses of such days that were captured by both the observations and the model. Model results showed that, when O3&PM2.5PD occurred, the concentrations of hydroxyl radical and total oxidant, sulfur oxidation ratio, and nitrogen oxidation ratio were all high, and the concentrations of sulfate at the surface were the highest among all aerosol species. We also found unique features in vertical distributions of aerosols during O3&PM2.5PD; concentrations of PM2.5 decreased with altitude near the surface but remained stable at 975–819 hPa. Process analyses showed that secondary aerosols (nitrate, ammonium and sulfate) had strong chemical productions at 913–819 hPa, which were then transported downward, resulting in the quite uniform vertical profiles at 975–819 hPa in O3&PM2.5PD. The weather patterns for O3&PM2.5PD were characterized by a high pressure ridge of the Western Pacific Subtropical High at 850 hPa. The strong southerlies at 850 hPa brought moist air from the south, resulting in a high RH and hence the strong chemical productions around this layer in O3&PM2.5PD. The physical and chemical characteristics of O3&PM2.5PD are quite different from those of polluted days by either O3 alone or PM2.5 alone, which have important implications for air quality management.

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Variation tendency of pollution characterization, sources, and health risks of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an emerging megacity in China: Based on three-year data

Cited by 41 publications

References 84 publications

Seasonal variation, sources, and risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Nantong, China: A pre- and post-COVID-19 case study

Seasonal variation, sources, and risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Nantong, China: A pre- and post-COVID-19 case study

Characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds, source apportionment, and the ozone–NO<sub>x</sub>–VOC sensitivities in a heavily polluted megacity of central China: effect of sporting events and emission reductions

Composited analyses of the chemical and physical characteristics of co-polluted days by ozone and PM_2.5 over 2013–2020 in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region

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Variation tendency of pollution characterization, sources, and health risks of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an emerging megacity in China: Based on three-year data

Cited by 41 publications

References 84 publications

Seasonal variation, sources, and risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Nantong, China: A pre- and post-COVID-19 case study

Seasonal variation, sources, and risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Nantong, China: A pre- and post-COVID-19 case study

Characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds, source apportionment, and the ozone–NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;–VOC sensitivities in a heavily polluted megacity of central China: effect of sporting events and emission reductions

Composited analyses of the chemical and physical characteristics of co-polluted days by ozone and PM2.5 over 2013–2020 in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Characterization of ambient volatile organic compounds, source apportionment, and the ozone–NO<sub>x</sub>–VOC sensitivities in a heavily polluted megacity of central China: effect of sporting events and emission reductions

Composited analyses of the chemical and physical characteristics of co-polluted days by ozone and PM_2.5 over 2013–2020 in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region