Variation of Urban Atmospheric Ammonia Pollution and its Relation with PM2.5 Chemical Property in Winter of Beijing, China

Zhao, Mengxia; Wang, Yafei; Tan, Jianwei; Yang, Hua; Wu, Di; Hao, Jiming

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2015.12.0699

Cited by 56 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The content of NO 3 -was lower than that of SO 4 2-in this work and had an obvious seasonal distribution which was similar to total WSIIs. Ammonia vapor (NH 3 ) could form fine particulate ammonium through reactions with acidic particles and the conversion depends on the acidic species, temperature and humidity in the atmosphere (Liu et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2016). In this paper, the concentrations of ammonium were not sufficient to neutralize the acidity of PM 2.5 .…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Wsiismentioning

confidence: 86%

Characteristics of Water-Soluble Inorganic Components and Acidity of PM2.5 in a Coastal City of China

Deng

Chen

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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To investigate the characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) of PM 2.5 and aerosol acidity in a coastal city, 352 samples were collected at four sites representing four functional zones (FJ: living town; XY: industrial area; TZ: scenery areas; HR: harbor) in Xiamen, China in 2015-2016. Mass concentrations of PM 2.5 , nine WSIIs, total acidity and in-situ acidity of aerosol/non-sea-salt aerosol were measured. Overall, the mean mass concentrations of PM 2.5 in the study area in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 57.5 ± 22.3, 28.1 ± 12.6, 46.8 ± 18.3 and 62. ]) showed greater correlation coefficients after eliminating the ammonium-poor data points (greater than 0.66), especially at HR site. NH 4 HSO 4 was the major form of WSIIs in PM 2.5 and the formation of aqueous HNO 3 could enhance aerosol acidity.

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Section: Chemical Composition Of Wsiismentioning

confidence: 86%

Characteristics of Water-Soluble Inorganic Components and Acidity of PM2.5 in a Coastal City of China

Deng

Chen

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…4d). Comparable NH3 levels have been measured at multiple stations over the NCP during the winter months Liu et al, 2017a;Zhao et al, 2016), indicating that ammonia-rich conditions are very common. The NHx sources include agriculture, fossil fuel use, and green space, and their contributions vary in different environments Sun et al, 2017;Teng et al, 2017;Pan et al, 2016).…”

Section: Driving Factors For Particle Ph 25mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine particle pH for Beijing winter haze as inferred from different thermodynamic equilibrium models

Song¹,

Gao²,

Xu³

et al. 2018

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Abstract. pH is an important property of aerosol particles but is difficult to measure directly. Several studies have estimated the pH values for fine particles in North China winter haze using thermodynamic models (i.e., E-AIM and ISORROPIA) and ambient measurements. The reported pH values differ widely, ranging from close to 0 (highly acidic) to as high as 7 (neutral).In order to understand the reason for this discrepancy, we calculated pH values using these models with different assumptions 25 with regard to model inputs and particle phase states. We find that the large discrepancy is due primarily to differences in the model assumptions adopted in previous studies. Calculations using only aerosol phase composition as inputs (i.e., reverse mode) are sensitive to the measurement errors of ionic species and inferred pH values exhibit a bimodal distribution with peaks between −2 and 2 and between 7 and 10. Calculations using total (gas plus aerosol phase) measurements as inputs (i.e., forward mode) are affected much less by the measurement errors, and results are thus superior to those obtained from the reverse mode 30 calculations. Forward mode calculations in this and previous studies collectively indicate a moderately acidic condition (pH from about 4 to about 5) for fine particles in North China winter haze, indicating further that ammonia plays an important role in determining this property. The differences in pH predicted by the forward mode E-AIM and ISORROPIA calculations may be attributed mainly to differences in estimates of activity coefficients for hydrogen ions. The phase state assumed, which can be either stable (solid plus liquid) or metastable (only liquid), does not significantly impact pH predictions of ISORROPIA. 35Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi

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“…Particulate organic matter (OM) contributed the most (18-26%) to the annual average PM 2.5 , followed by SO 4 2-(14-19%), NO 3 -(10-11%), NH 4 + (8-9%) and EC (3%), respectively, in Zhengzhou, China . During heavy pollution episodes in Winter in Beijing, NH 3 levels and NH 4 + /NH 3 ratios grew simultaneously with the increase of PM 2.5 levels, indicating that NH 3 is one of the key reasons for heavy pollution events (Zhao et al, 2016). PM 1 at the regional background station of Mt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Automated System (PPWD/PILS) for Studying PM2.5 Water-Soluble Ions and Precursor Gases: Field Measurements in Two Cities, Taiwan

Liu

Lin

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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An automated system consisting of a particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS) and a parallel plate wet denuder (PPWD) coupled with an ion chromatography was used for simultaneous measurement of ambient water-soluble ions in PM 2.5 and precursor gases. The performance of the PPWD/PILS was validated by comparing it with the PDS (porous metal denuder sampler) for precursor gases (NH 3 , HONO, HNO 3 and SO 2 ) and PM 2.5 ionic species (NH 4 + , NO 3 -, SO 4 2-, Na + , Cl -and K + ) measured in Taipei and Hsinchu Cities of Taiwan. Good correlations were demonstrated with linear regression slopes ranging from 0.92 to 1.04 and 0.84 to 0.97 as well as R 2 ranging from 0.76 to 0.83 and 0.89 to 0.94, for precursor gases and PM 2.5 ions, respectively. The accuracy of the current system for precursor gases outperforms the other commercial systems. Field continuous data showed that NH 3 was the most abundant precursor gas with the diurnal pattern peaking at low nocturnal boundary heights and during rush hours with local traffic emissions in Taipei, and with the pattern peaking only at mid-day associated with regional sources in Hsinchu. A reverse diurnal pattern for HONO in Taipei reflected the daytime photolysis and its nocturnal heterogeneous reaction, while its concentration was relatively constant at very low level in Hsinchu. SO 4 2-, NH 4 + and NO 3 -exhibited very similar diurnal patterns with the mean concentrations of 4.56 ± 3.14, 1.55 ± 1.16 and 0.52 ± 0.5 µg m -3 in Taipei, and 7.95 ± 5.52, 2.41 ± 1.95 and 0.96 ± 1.10 µg m -3 in Hsinchu, respectively. Correspondingly high concentrations of major ions to precursor gases were associated with the photochemical secondary aerosol formations and heavy traffic in Taipei. Based on an ammonia-rich atmosphere and high SOR values, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and NH 4 NO 3 were inferred to be the dominant inorganic salts in PM 2.5 at both sites, which were also verified by the ion balance analysis.

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Variation of Urban Atmospheric Ammonia Pollution and its Relation with PM2.5 Chemical Property in Winter of Beijing, China

Cited by 56 publications

References 39 publications

Characteristics of Water-Soluble Inorganic Components and Acidity of PM2.5 in a Coastal City of China

Characteristics of Water-Soluble Inorganic Components and Acidity of PM2.5 in a Coastal City of China

Fine particle pH for Beijing winter haze as inferred from different thermodynamic equilibrium models

Development of an Automated System (PPWD/PILS) for Studying PM2.5 Water-Soluble Ions and Precursor Gases: Field Measurements in Two Cities, Taiwan

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