Variation of the chemical contents and morphology of gunshot residue in the surroundings of the shooting pistol as a potential contribution to a shooting incidence reconstruction

Chemical and physical characterisation of welding fume particles for distinguishing from gunshot residue

“…knowledge on the dependence of the chemical content of GSR revealed at the crime scene on the type of ammunition used [4][5][6][7][8][9][10], on their distribution in the surroundings of the shooting gun [2,[11][12][13], on the prevalence of GSR in general population and the persistence of the particles on the shooting person [14][15][16][17][18][19] as well as the consideration of alternative sources of particles similar to GSR. In the case of ammunition primed typically with the mixture of lead styphnate or lead azide as the detonator, barium nitratethe oxidiser and antimony trisulfide as the fuel, one should take into consideration particles that may alternatively originate, e.g.…”

Fast Detection and Chemical Characterization of Gunshot Residues by CMV-GC-MS and LIBS

“…The analysis of GSR examines the presence of particles with an inorganic composition of barium (Ba), lead (Pb), and antimony (Sb). The method of choice in forensic laboratories for the analysis of GSR is Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled to a Wavelength Dispersion X-ray Spectroscopy (WDS) or an Energy Dispersion X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) detector to obtain both morphological and elemental information from the particles Brożec-Mucha et al, 2011].…”

“…For the organic components, extraction of volatile compounds has been performed using Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) coupled to different detectors such as Flame Ionization (FID), Thermal Energy Analyzer (TEA), Electron Capture (ECD), and Mass Spectrometry (MS). In addition, solvent extraction followed by High Pressure Liquid ChromatograghyMass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) has been applied as well as Capillary Electrophoresis (EC) and Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) Brożec-Mucha et al, 2011;Arndt et al 2012]. The techniques used for the analysis of inorganic components include: Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA),…”

“…Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Raman Spectroscopy, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) [Dockery et al, 2003;Brożec-Mucha et al, 2009;Michel et al, 2010;Kumar et al, 2011;Charles et al, 2011;Brożec-Mucha et al, 2011].…”

“…These color tests react to the presence of functional groups but cannot be used as a confirmation of GSR presence López-López et al, 2012]. Therefore, organic analysis is more reliable and is necessary to confirm the presence of target organic compounds in GSR [Burleson et al, 2009;Silva et al, 2009;Weyermann et al, 2009;Zeichner et al, 2009;Brożec-Mucha et al, 2011;Arndt et al 2012]. However, most of these techniques require time consuming sample preparation and are destructive;…”