Variation of the cervical spinal Torg ratio with gender and ethnicity*1

Lim, Jin Xi

doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2003.11.011

Cited by 65 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The means for CAP and canal transverse diameters obtained from this study are comparable to those generated by Taitz (1994Taitz ( , 1996 and Tatarek (2005), based on measurements taken from skeletal elements. The mean values generated in the three studies are, however, less than those generated from measurements taken from radiographs (Gupta et al, 1982;Eismont et al, 1984;Herzog et al, 1991;Lim and Wong, 2004) (Table 6). The disparity in measurements on actual skeletons and those based on radiographs may be due to lack of adjustment for magnification as suggested by Tatarek (2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Morphometric variations of the 7th cervical vertebrae of Zulu, White, and Colored South Africans

2010

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The 7th cervical vertebrae of 240 cadavers of South African Zulu, White, and Colored population groups were examined to determine morphometric variation. White and Colored females had statistically significant narrower cervical anteroposterior diameters than their male counterparts, whereas no statistically significant difference between sexes of the Zulu population group was observed in this variable. In addition, although Zulu and Colored females had statistically significant narrower cervical transverse diameters than their male counterparts, there was no statistically significant variation between South African white males and females in this respect. The findings indicate that sexual dimorphism is more apparent in the vertebral centrum, across the three population groups, where males had significantly larger dimensions in centrum anteroposterior diameter, height, and width than their female counterparts. The study further reveals that sexual dimorphism is more apparent when one compares aspects of the 7th cervical vertebra between sexes within the same population group. Overall, the dimensions of the various variates of the vertebra are substantially smaller in women than in men. The smaller dimensions, particularly of the centrum, may be the result of lower skeletal mass in women and render them more vulnerable to fractures resulting from compression forces.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Morphometric variations of the 7th cervical vertebrae of Zulu, White, and Colored South Africans

2010

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“…A ratio of >1 was considered normal, whereas a ratio of <0.8 was considered to represent stenosis. However, some authors have recently reported a poor correlation between the space available for the cord measured on radiographs and the Pavlov ratio [8][9][10][11] . This raises the question of the T Disclosure: The authors did not receive any outside funding or grants in support of their research for or preparation of this work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While other investigators have reported such measurements in Asian and white individuals, no other study, to our knowledge, included as large a sample as the one that we evaluated 3,8,9,17,18 . Furthermore, those other studies were based on plain radiographs, which may not accurately reflect the true dimensions of the cervical spinal canal.…”

Section: Correction For Modern Body Size and Radiographic Magnificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Cervical Spine Stenosis

Lee¹,

Cassinelli²,

Riew³

2007

The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery

101

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“…15 The mean Torg's ratio in Nepalese male was same as that of Indonesian males (0.99) but female had a lower Torg's ratio compared with that in Indonesian females (1.06).…”

Section: 14mentioning

confidence: 78%

Torg’s ratio in normal adult nepalese population

Rijal

Pokharel

Paudel

et al. 2017

J. Soc. Surg. Nepal

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Introduction: Acute cervical trauma occasionally leads to cervical canal stenosis in some individuals in spite of minor trauma. The spinal canal-to-vertebral body ratio (Torg-Pavlov ratio) has been proposed for assessing developmental spinal canal stenosis. It is not affected by magnification, and is measured on lateral plain films of cervical vertebrae. The result of this study may help in better understanding of the Torg's ratio, which is more reliable than direct measuring of the mid-sagittal diameter of the cervical spinal canal in the diagnosis of cervical spinal stenosis or predicting the prognosis of cervical spinal cord injury. If Torg's ratio is below normal there is risk of cervical cord injury whereas relatively safe in large Torg's ratio. Torg's ratio can be accessed even in rural areas where x-rays are easily available and more economical than MRI and CT scan. It can assess the risk of cord injury during sports and outdoor activities and help individuals' choose safe carrier in sports or others activities.

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Variation of the cervical spinal Torg ratio with gender and ethnicity*1

Cited by 65 publications

References 22 publications

Morphometric variations of the 7th cervical vertebrae of Zulu, White, and Colored South Africans

Morphometric variations of the 7th cervical vertebrae of Zulu, White, and Colored South Africans

Prevalence of Cervical Spine Stenosis

Torg’s ratio in normal adult nepalese population

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