Variation of sesquiterpene lactones and phenolics in chicory and endive germplasm

Ferioli, Federico; Manco, Manuela Agata; D’Antuono, Luigi Filippo

doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2014.11.014

Cited by 41 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The detected phenolic compounds in C. spinosum leaves and have been previously reported by the authors (Petropoulos et al, 2017a(Petropoulos et al, , 2017b(Petropoulos et al, , 2017c. The same compounds have been identified in other cultivated Cichorium species (Carazzone et al, 2013;Ferioli et al, 2015). The most abundant phenolics were chicoric acid and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, followed by quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, kaempferol-Oglucuronide and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide (Table 9).…”

Section: Tablesupporting

confidence: 68%

“…The higher content of phenolic acids than flavonoids has been also confirmed in other Cichorium species, such as C. endivia and C. intybus, by Ferioli et al (2015), while the authors (Petropoulos et al, 2017b) have reported a similar trend in C. spinosum plants grown under saline conditions. Considering the higher temperatures that prevailed during mid to late spring of the present study, plants were probably subjected to stress inducing conditions that could increase the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds (Fallovo et al, 2011), while Chatzigianni et al (2017) have already reported the induction of phenolic compounds biosynthesis under high concentration of nutrient solution (16 mmol L −1 ) and high amounts of ammonium nitrogen (50% of total nitrogen).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 63%

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Nutrient solution composition and growing season affect yield and chemical composition of Cichorium spinosum plants

Petropoulos

Fernandes

Karkanis

et al. 2018

Scientia Horticulturae

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A B S T R A C TNitrogen fertilizer form may affect quality and yield of leafy vegetables. In the present study, the effect of ammonium nitrogen rates on yield and chemical composition of Cichorium spinosum L. was examined. Five fertilizer treatments with different amounts of ammonium nitrogen (F1: 14%, F2: 24%, F3: 34%, F4: 43% and F5: 53% NH 4 -0N of total N) were applied. Fertilizer treatments had a significant effect on both plant fresh weight and chemical composition, depending on growing period and harvest stage. For both harvests of the 1st growing period, yield was higher in treatments F4 (43% NH 4 -N) and F5 (53% NH 4 -N), whereas in the 2nd growing period yield was higher for treatments F1, F2 and F3. Moreover, the highest content of total phenolics were recorded in the 2nd growing period. Antioxidant properties were also affected by fertilization treatments and growing periods, with antioxidant potency being higher in the 2nd growing period and for treatments F1 and F2. According to the results of the present study, nitrogen fertilizer form should be considered together with growing period and harvest stage as a useful means towards increasing the quality of the final product without compromising total yield.

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Section: Tablesupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 63%

Nutrient solution composition and growing season affect yield and chemical composition of Cichorium spinosum plants

Petropoulos

Fernandes

Karkanis

et al. 2018

Scientia Horticulturae

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“…From a nutritional standpoint, STL have both beneficial (e.g., anti-cancer, anti-leukemic) and allergenic properties (Chadwick et al, 2013), they contribute to the bitter taste of chicory food (Price et al, 1990; van Beek et al, 1990) and the contents vary significantly among culti-groups (Ferioli et al, 2015; Graziani et al, 2015). Bitterness is crucial for vegetable quality as high levels can cause rejection (D'Antuono et al, 2016), though the acceptance varies with consumers' use and culture (Drewnowski and Gomez-Carneros, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemically, STL are C-15 terpenoids based on a guaiane skeleton bearing lactone rings (Cordell, 1976; Chadwick et al, 2013). The most abundant STLs of chicory leaves are lactucin, 8-deoxylactucin, lactucopicrin and the respective 11(S), 13-dihydroderivatives (Ferioli et al, 2015); glycosyl- and oxalyl- conjugate forms also occur (Kisiel and Zielinska, 2001; Graziani et al, 2015). As for STL biosynthesis, the enzymes germacrene A-synthase, -oxidase and costunolide synthase act upstream the pathway to convert farnesyl diphosphate into costunolide, this latter being the common precursor of STLs (de Kraker et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Sesquiterpenoid Pathway by Metabolic Profiling and De novo Transcriptome Assembly of Stem-Chicory (Cichorium intybus Cultigroup “Catalogna”)

et al. 2016

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Stem-chicory of the “Catalogna” group is a vegetable consumed for bitter-flavored stems. Type and levels of bitter sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) participate in conferring bitterness in vegetables. The content of lactucin—and lactucopocrin-like STLs was higher in “Molfettese” than “Galatina” landrace stalks, regardless of the cultivation sites, consistently with bitterness scores and gustative differences. The “Galatina” transcriptome assembly resulted in 58,872 unigenes, 77% of which were annotated, paving the way to molecular investigation of the STL pathway. Comparative transcriptome analysis allowed the identification of 69,352 SNPs and of 1640 differentially expressed genes that maintained the pattern independently of the site. Enrichment analyses revealed that 4 out of 29 unigenes were up-regulated in “Molfettese” vs “Galatina” within the sesquiterpenoid pathway. The expression of two germacrene A -synthase (GAS) and one -oxidase (GAO) genes of the costunolide branch correlated positively with the contents of lactucin-like molecules, supporting that STL biosynthesis regulation occurs at the transcriptional level. Finally, 46 genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) maintained a differential expression pattern between the two varieties regardless of the growth site; correlation analyses among TFs, GAS, GAO gene expressions and STLs contents suggest that one MYB and one bHLH may act in the pathway.

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“…Consistently with our findings, Gonthier et al, reported that human gut microbiota metabolism of caffeic, 5‐caffeoylquinic, and caftaric acid cannot generate protocatechuic acid. It should be pointed out that chicory also contains several flavonoids such as quercetin and apigenin (Ferioli, Manco, & D'Antuono, ). Our previous studies have demonstrated that quercetin and apigenin are intensively catabolized into protocatechuic acid by mouse gut microbiota (Lin et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocatechuic acid from chicory is bioavailable and undergoes partial glucuronidation and sulfation in healthy humans

Zheng

Xiong

et al. 2019

Food Science & Nutrition

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Protocatechuic acid exerts multiple health‐promoting effects such as anticancer, anti‐atherosclerosis, and neuroprotection in animal models. While protocatechuic acid produced in the lower gastrointestinal tract by microbial catabolism of several flavonoids is bioavailable, the pharmacokinetics of protocatechuic acid has not been evaluated so far in humans following its oral consumption. In this open‐label and single‐dose pharmacokinetic trial, 16 healthy adults followed a low‐phytochemical diet for three days. Next, after overnight fasting, participants consumed 150 g of chicory containing 248 μmol of protocatechuic acid. Blood, urine, and fecal samples were collected before and up to 24 hr after chicory consumption. Protocatechuic acid in the free and glucuronide/sulfate‐conjugated forms was almost undetectable in serum, urine, and fecal samples before chicory consumption. Chicory consumption increased the levels of protocatechuic acid and its glucuronide/sulfate conjugates in biological samples. The maximum serum concentrations of protocatechuic acid in the free‐, glucuronide‐, and sulfate‐conjugated forms were 3,273, 519, and 340 nmol/L, respectively. The recovery of total protocatechuic acid in blood circulation, urine, and feces was 23.79%, 12.17%, and 12.79% of the ingested dose, respectively. Moreover, glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of protocatechuic acid made up 34.79%, 60.15%, and 72.70% of its total recovery in blood circulation, urine, and feces, respectively. Collectively, protocatechuic acid from chicory is bioavailable and undergoes partial glucuronidation and sulfation in human adults, and its regular consumption may exert health‐promoting effects.

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Variation of sesquiterpene lactones and phenolics in chicory and endive germplasm

Cited by 41 publications

References 20 publications

Nutrient solution composition and growing season affect yield and chemical composition of Cichorium spinosum plants

Nutrient solution composition and growing season affect yield and chemical composition of Cichorium spinosum plants

Insights into the Sesquiterpenoid Pathway by Metabolic Profiling and De novo Transcriptome Assembly of Stem-Chicory (Cichorium intybus Cultigroup “Catalogna”)

Protocatechuic acid from chicory is bioavailable and undergoes partial glucuronidation and sulfation in healthy humans

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