Variation of ploidy level in inter-section hybrids obtained by reciprocal crosses between tetraploid <i>Primula denticulata</i> (2n = 4x = 44) and diploid <i>P. rosea</i> (2n = 2x = 22)

Hayashi, Mikihiro; Kato, Juntaro; Ohashi, Hiroaki; Mii, Masahiro

doi:10.1080/14620316.2007.11512191

Cited by 15 publications

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“…To introduce the unique flower color of salmon pink, this species was crossed with tetraploid P. denticulata. Among the total of 35 cross combinations made with 64 pollinations, P. denticulata was used as the maternal parent in five cross combinations (28 pollinations), and P. rosea in 30 cross combinations (36 pollinations) (Hayashi et al 2007a). Ovule culture was performed about four weeks after pollination, using the same medium as for the cross of P. filchnerae and P. sinensis.…”

Section: P Denticulataϫp Roseamentioning

confidence: 99%

Unreduced gametes are the major causal factor for the production of polyploid interspecific hybrids in Primula

Kato

Ohashi

Ikeda

et al. 2008

Plant Biotechnology

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Interspecific hybridization is an important strategy for plant breeding, but its success depends largely on the cross combination of species. For wide crosses, especially, the production of interspecific hybrids is difficult without the aid of embryo or ovule culture. In diploid interspecific hybrids obtained by wide crosses, most plants show hybrid sterility because of failure at meiosis. A commonly used method to overcome hybrid sterility, chromosome doubling of the hybrid to produce an amphidiploid, involves treating meristematic cells with mitotic inhibitors such as colchicine. In contrast, the spontaneous occurrence of unreduced gametes can produce unexpected polyploids such as triploids and tetraploids in both natural and artificial crosses in various plants such as Brassica (Mackay and Low 1975), Solanum (Johnston and Hanneman 1982), Lilium (Barbara-Gonzalez et al. 2004), Vaccinium (Dewit andLyrene 1988) and Cyclamen (Takamura and Miyajima 1999). These polyploidized hybrids may be used directly for further breeding because of the full or partial restoration of their fertility.The genus Primula (Primulaceae) consists of approximately 420 species that are classified into 37 sections based on morphological characters (Richards 1993). Most Primula species have attractive flowers with high ornamental value, and some, such as P. malacoides Franch., P. obconica Hance and P. sieboldii Morr., have been cultivated for many years as important ornamental plants. Although several interspecific hybrids such as P.ϫpolyantha and P.ϫkewensis have also been used as ornamental plants, most have been produced by crosses between species belonging to the same section, without applying embryo rescue treatments such as ovule culture.In this review, we summarize our recent studies on wide hybridization, such as inter-sectional and intersubsectional hybridizations, in the genus Primula. Since hybrids with unexpected ploidy levels arose with high frequency during these studies, we discuss unreduced gamete formation as a possible mechanism involved in this phenomenon and its significance for successful interspecific hybridization. Abstract The genus Primula (Primulaceae) consists of approximately 420 species that mainly inhabit temperate to cold regions of the Northern hemisphere. Although most species have attractive flowers with high ornamental value, few have been cultivated as ornamental plants. To develop novel ornamental crops and to introduce novel useful characters, these unexploited rich germplasms of the genus Primula have the potential to serve as breeding materials through the use of interspecific hybridization. However, interspecific hybrids of this genus have rarely been produced, and embryo rescue is one of the most useful strategies to overcome the difficulty of achieving successful hybridization, especially in wide crosses. In recent studies, we successfully obtained various interspecific hybrids in wide cross combinations in Primula using the embryo rescue technique, and showed that unexpected polyploid hybrids wer...

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Section: P Denticulataϫp Roseamentioning

confidence: 99%

Unreduced gametes are the major causal factor for the production of polyploid interspecific hybrids in Primula

Kato

Ohashi

Ikeda

et al. 2008

Plant Biotechnology

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“…Ploidy level of the parental plants and the progeny was determined by two methods, measurement of nuclear DNA content by flow cytometry using PA (Partec, GmbH, Münster, Germany) on isolated nuclei stained with DAPI and counting of chromosome number, according to the methods of Hayashi et al (2007).…”

Section: Measurement Of Ploidy Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tips of the corolla of a pollinated flower were then bound with a thread to prevent pollination from the pollen of other plants. Four weeks after pollination, immature ovaries were cultured by the method of Hayashi et al (2007).…”

Section: Inter-specific Crossing and Establishment Of Seedlings In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, all the cultivars introduced into Japan are tetraploid (2n = 4x = 44) and exhibit a have relatively high heat tolerance. By utilizing these tetraploid cultivars of P. denticulata, we previously produced inter-sectional hybrids with P. rosea by applying the embryo rescue technique (Hayashi et al 2007). In this cross combination, some tetraploid hybrids were produced due to fertilization of the unreduced female gametes of P. rosea, although most of the hybrids were triploid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inter-sectional Hybrids with Various Ploidy Levels between Primula denticulata and Three Varieties of P. modesta

et al. 2007

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Reciprocal crossing was carried out between tetraploid Primula denticulata, section Denticulata and three taxa of P. modesta, diploid P. modesta var. fauriae, diploid P. modesta var. samanimontana and tetraploid P. modesta var. matsumurae, section Aleuritia. Inter-sectional hybrids were successfully obtained in all the reciprocal crosses except when P. modesta var. samanimontana was crossed with the pollen of P. denticulata. The number of hybrids obtained by using P. modesta var. fauriae as maternal parent was extremely low, whereas a large number of hybrids was obtained in the crosses when tetraploid species, P. denticulata and P. modesta var. matsumurae, were used as maternal parent. In all the cross combinations using P. denticulata as maternal parent, both legitimate and illegitimate crosses yielded germinable hybrid seeds. This suggested that in tetraploid P. denticulata heterostylous incompatibility might have decreased or had been lost at least on the female side. In most crosses, the DNA content of the hybrid was intermediate between that of the parents, except for the cross of P. modesta var. fauriae × P. denticulata, where the tetraploid hybrids were mainly produced due to the fertilization of the unreduced female gametes of P. modesta var. fauriae. These results suggest that in most of the zygotes with a lower ratio of female genome than male, development was inhibited in these inter-specific hybridizations.

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“…To solve the latter problem, embryo rescue technique has efficiently been employed to increase the chance to obtain the hybrids. Recently, successful results on interspeci c hybridization have been reported in some flower crops such as Hemerocallis (Li et al 2009), Hydrangea (Reed et al 2008), Chrysanthemum (Sun et al 2010), Primula (Amano et al 2006;Hayashi et al 2007aHayashi et al , 2007bHayashi et al , 2009, Dianthus (Nimura et al 2003), Lilium (Chi 2000), Melaleuca (Liu et al 2006), and Chocolate cosmos (Oku et al 2008) with the aid of embryo rescue techniques. In the present study, we report the usefulness of embryo rescue technique to obtain the hybrids between B. semper orens and B. pearcei.…”

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confidence: 99%

Interspecific hybridization of Begonia semperflorens (section Begonia) with B. pearcei (section Eupetalum) for introducing yellow flower color

Chen

Mii

2012

Plant Biotechnology

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α-naphthylacetic acid, 0.1 mg l −1 6-benzyladenine, 2.5 g l −1 gellan gum, and 10 mg l −1 gibberellic acid. Although all the cross combinations yielded plantlets at the plantlet yielding e ciency of 0.1-2.6/ovary in the culture of mature seeds, some cross combinations gave higher plantlet yields up to 5.7/ovary when immature seeds of 12-16 days a er pollination were cultured. e plantlets obtained were con rmed their hybridity through ow cytometric analysis and random ampli ed polymorphic DNA analysis. In the crosses using diploid B. semper orens hybrids with normal genome combinations (SP genome) and chromosome doubled hybrids with SSPP genome were obtained, whereas only normal triploid hybrids (SSP genome) were produced from the cross with tetraploid B. semper orens. Some owered hybrids of SP and SSP genomes showed intermediate ower colors between the parents such as apricot, cream and light yellow colors, suggesting the expression of yellow ower color of B. pearcei. Although the pollen fertility of those interspeci c hybrids was sterile, they are expected to utilize as the important breeding materials to produce yellow ower cultivars of B. semper orens a er restoring the fertility by chromosome doubling treatments.

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Variation of ploidy level in inter-section hybrids obtained by reciprocal crosses between tetraploid Primula denticulata (2n = 4x = 44) and diploid P. rosea (2n = 2x = 22)

Cited by 15 publications

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Unreduced gametes are the major causal factor for the production of polyploid interspecific hybrids in Primula

Unreduced gametes are the major causal factor for the production of polyploid interspecific hybrids in Primula

Inter-sectional Hybrids with Various Ploidy Levels between Primula denticulata and Three Varieties of P. modesta

Interspecific hybridization of Begonia semperflorens (section Begonia) with B. pearcei (section Eupetalum) for introducing yellow flower color

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