Variation of Phenolic Ingredient and Ginsenoside Content in Red ginseng Extract by Acid Treatment

공연희,; 노정해,; 조장원,; 김미현,; 이영철,; 김성수,; 이평재,; 최상윤,

doi:10.5142/jgr.2009.33.3.194

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…In addition to saponin, studies have reported antioxidant and antihypertensive effects of polyacetylene and free amino acids. Specifically, various physiological effects, such as antioxidant activities, hypertension inhibition, anti-cancer activities, and whitening activities have been reported in phenolic compounds (Kim et al, 2007; Kong et al, 2009; Nam, 2002; Park et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Ginsenosides and Antioxidant Activities in the Roots, Leaves, and Stems of Hydroponic-Cultured Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer)

Song¹,

Hong²,

Son³

et al. 2019

pnf

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There has been very little reported on ginsenoside composition and antioxidant activity of hydroponic-cultured ginseng roots (HCR), leaves (HCL), and stems (HCS). We profiled 6 ginsenoside compounds in HCR, HCL, and HCS using high-performance liquid chromatography. Antioxidative activity of HCR, HCL, and HCS were evaluated using total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical-scavenging activity assays, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Total ginsenoside contents of HCL and HCS were significantly higher than that of HCR (P<0.05). Rb1 was detected in HCR (23.02 mg/g) but was detected at very low levels in HCL and HCS (2.07~7.30 mg/g). Rg1 was the most abundant ingredient in HCL, followed by Rd; this was different than for HCR and HCS. The TPC and TFC ranged from 52.82~155.31 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g and 194.71~256.52 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g, respectively, of which HCL contained the highest levels. Moreover, HCL was the most effective in both DPPH and FRAP activities. In this study, we also evaluated the inhibitory effect of HCR, HCL, and HCS on the activities of mushroom tyrosinase through whitening activity test. The inhibitory effect of HCL on tyrosinase activity was higher than that of HCR and HCS. This study provides information about ginsenoside contents and the antioxidative activity of hydroponic-cultured ginseng, and suggests that the whole ginseng plant (including roots, leaves, and stems) may be a beneficial functional vegetables.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Ginsenosides and Antioxidant Activities in the Roots, Leaves, and Stems of Hydroponic-Cultured Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer)

Song¹,

Hong²,

Son³

et al. 2019

pnf

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“…Since previous studies, which aimed to enrich Rg 3 with the acid treatment of red ginseng extracts, did not carefully consider the change of other ginsenosides as well as the change of ginsenoside patterns by various organic acids, this study focused on the change of ginsenoside patterns by impregnating various organic acids in producing red ginseng in order to enrich Rg 3 . We herein describe the change of ginsenoside patterns after impregnation pretreatments using three different organic acids (selected in our previous study) and an ideal condition for organic acid impregnation [15-17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changes of Ginsenoside Patterns in Red Ginseng Processed by Organic Acid Impregnation Pretreatment

Kim

Lee

Choi

et al. 2011

Journal of Ginseng Research

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In order to enhance bioactive functionalities of ginseng, an acid impregnation processing was applied as a pre-treatment in producing red ginseng. Acid impregnation studies were conducted, and acids (ascorbic, malic, and citric acid) were selected. The optimal concentration of each acid was investigated in this study in terms of ginsenoside contents. The most concerned ginsenoside, Rg3 was increased by ascorbic, malic, and citric acid pre-treated red ginseng up to 1 M acid concentration. In the case of ascorbic acid pre-treated red ginseng, Rg2 concentration was increased depending on acid concentrations. Citric acid pre-treatment enhanced Rg2, Rg3, and Rh1+Rh2 formation in red ginseng. Therefore, ginsenoside patterns in red ginseng could be changed by acid impregnation pre-treatment depending on acid concentration and acid types. This research is expected to contribute to the development of the ginseng industry via new red ginseng products with selective and intensified functionality.

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Determination of the transformation of ginsenosides in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma during decoction with water using ultra‐fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry

Zhang

Zhou

Yang

2018

J of Separation Science

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This study was conducted to determine the variations of ginsenosides in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma when using different preparation solvents and explore the major factors for changes. With an established ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method which could quantify 52 ginsenosides, the extraction differences were characterized and compared using different solvents (water, 70% aqueous ethanol, and ethanol). Subsequently, a series of aqueous solutions with different pH were prepared to test the influence of pH to the changes of ginsenosides. Meanwhile, acetic acid and aspartic acid were used to verify whether the reaction had a relationship with the kind of acids. After refluxing with water, not only highly polar ginsenosides were extracted, some less polar ginsenosides such as ginsenoside Rg , Rg , Rk , and Rh occurred or increased rapidly. Further experiments indicated that less polar ginsenosides were easier to generate at low pH values, and the reaction was only related to pH other than what kind of acids were used. It is the first time to elaborate the contents variation of 52 ginsenosides when using different extraction methods. The results indicated that decoction with water could enhance the transformation of highly polar ginsenosides to less polar ginsenosides and the process was pH dependent.

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Variation of Phenolic Ingredient and Ginsenoside Content in Red ginseng Extract by Acid Treatment

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Investigation of Ginsenosides and Antioxidant Activities in the Roots, Leaves, and Stems of Hydroponic-Cultured Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer)

Investigation of Ginsenosides and Antioxidant Activities in the Roots, Leaves, and Stems of Hydroponic-Cultured Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer)

The Changes of Ginsenoside Patterns in Red Ginseng Processed by Organic Acid Impregnation Pretreatment

Determination of the transformation of ginsenosides in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma during decoction with water using ultra‐fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry

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