Variation of glutamate decarboxylase activity andγ-amino butyric acid content of wheat embryos during ripening of seeds

Galleschi, Luciano; Floris, C.; Cozzani, I.

doi:10.1007/bf01934006

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…GABA yields for tall fescue in this study, expressed as mg/kg dry matter (DM), were 4−18-fold higher than those determined by Baker et al for wheat flour (30−80 mg/kg DM), using the EZ:faast kit for GC−MS analysis of free amino acids and 2−6-fold higher than those determined by Galleschi et al for wheat embryos (126−180 mg/kg DM) on the basis of spectrophotometric absorbance of ninhydrin-sprayed samples eluted from paper chromatograms. Those differences may reflect differences in endogenous GABA levels in wheat and fescue.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…In plants, GABA accumulation has been documented in response to stresses, such as anoxia , as well as decreasing cellular pH, temperature changes, and mechanical handling . GABA has also been associated with plant growth responses, because GABA concentrations change in embryos of developing wheat seeds , and in some plants, GABA is a breakdown product of polyamines, compounds that play a role in growth regulation , as well as stress responses . Because GABA has been detected in tall fescue herbage and can cross the blood-brain barrier under some circumstances , GABA ingested by grazing animals could potentially modulate the “fescue toxicosis” syndrome, which, as reviewed by Strickland et al , leads to reduced animal performance on tall fescue pastures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Validated Method for Gas Chromatographic Analysis of γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Tall Fescue Herbage

Kagan

Coe

Smith

et al. 2008

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in animals that is also found in plants and has been associated with plant responses to stress. A simple and relatively rapid method of GABA separation and quantification was developed from a commercially available kit for serum amino acids (Phenomenex EZ:faast) and validated for tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Extraction in ethanol/water (80:20, v/v) at ambient temperature yielded detectable amounts of GABA. Clean separation from other amino acids in 28 min was achieved by gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection (FID), using a 30 m, 5% phenyl/95% dimethylpolysiloxane column. The identity of the putative GABA peak was confirmed by GC with mass spectrometric (MS) detection. The relatively small effects of the sample matrix on GABA measurement were verified by demonstrating slope parallelism of GABA curves prepared in the presence and absence of fescue extracts. Limits of quantification and detection were 2.00 and 1.00 nmol/100 microL, respectively. Method recoveries at two different spike levels were 96.4 and 94.2%, with coefficients of variation of 7.3 and 7.2%, respectively.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Validated Method for Gas Chromatographic Analysis of γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Tall Fescue Herbage

Kagan

Coe

Smith

et al. 2008

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Studies onxHaynaldoticum sardoum Meletti et Onnis metabolism during seed life-span: α-amylase and glutamate decarboxylase activity

et al. 1982

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Summary. Embryo GAD activity and a-amylase in the endosperm of 2 different physiological lines (CP; CV) of xHaynaldotiCum sardoum Meletti et Onnis were evaluated and different stages of seed ripening and progressively older seeds were examined. Results concerning GAD activity during ripening show differences between CP and CV seeds, the former being more active. In the ageing seeds, the GAD remains constant (CP is twice as much as CV) up to 4th year and greatly decreases at the 5th. The a-amylase activity is fairly constant during ripening in CV endosperm and increases in CP: at the fully-ripe stage, both show similar values. During seed ageing, the activity decreases progressively in CV endosperm while, in CP, values are greater but fairly constant. The results are discussed in connection with dormancy and the different physiological ageing of seeds.xHaynaldoticum sardoum Meletti et Onnis is a spontaneous hexaploid wheat to be found in the Mediterranean area and its female and male parents are Tritieum durum and Haynaldia villosa, respectively 3. Studies conducted by Meletti 4,s have isolated 2 natural populations characterized by a solid (CP) or a hollow stern (CV) (CP and CV, in accord to Onnis4). Besides morphological and structural differences 6'7, caryopses from CP and CV populations also have the following physiological differences: CP is a winter-like wheat, with deep dormancy and a long dry afterripening; CV is a spring-like wheat, with light dormancy and a short dry after-ripening. Our previous experiments on Tritieum durum led us to study certain of the metabolic characteristics of CV and CP populations of xHaynaldoticum sardoum with the aim of correlating their different physiological behaviour with the activity of 2 enzymes, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD; E C 4.1.1.15) and a-amylase (E C 3.2.1.1.), involved in the energetic and degradative metabolism of germinating seed ~1~ In this way the pattern and the activity of the GAD and a-amylase during seed ripening and in the period after ripening up to the loss of germination capacity, were studied in the present paper. Materials and methods. Caryopses (seeds) from CP and CV xHaynaldotieum sardoum Meletti et Onnis at different stages (milky, mealy, doughy, waxy, fully ripe n ) were collected during the late spring and early summer of 1979. Calibrated seeds from crops from 1978, 1977, 1976, 1975, 1974 stored at laboratory conditions (18 ~ _+ 2 ~ in sealed glass containers, were also utilized. Germination assays of unripe, ripe and overly ripe seeds were carried out on water-moistened filter paper in Petri dishes, at 23 ~ in darkness. The water content (relative humidity, %) of the seeds was evaluated by means of an Ultrax hygrometric balance. All the seeds were sterilized for 5 min with 1% Relative humidity, respiratory activity and germination capacity of CP and CV ripening seeds. Seedling growth, at the 10th day, of fully ripe seeds NaC10 solution and their embryos or endosperms were isolated by means of a sharp gauge and utilized as an enzymatic so...

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Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Activity in Durum Wheat during Physiological Phases of Seed Ripening

Galleschi

Floris

Meletti

1980

Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen

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Variation of glutamate decarboxylase activity andγ-amino butyric acid content of wheat embryos during ripening of seeds

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

A Validated Method for Gas Chromatographic Analysis of γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Tall Fescue Herbage

A Validated Method for Gas Chromatographic Analysis of γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Tall Fescue Herbage

Studies onxHaynaldoticum sardoum Meletti et Onnis metabolism during seed life-span: α-amylase and glutamate decarboxylase activity

Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Activity in Durum Wheat during Physiological Phases of Seed Ripening

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