Variation of Bacterial and Archaeal Community Structures in a Full-Scale Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

Microorganisms play important roles in the reduction of organic and inorganic pollutants in constructed wetlands used for the treatment of wastewater. However, the diversity and structure of microbial community in constructed wetland system remain poorly known. In this study, the Illumina MiSeq Sequencing of 16S rDNA was used to analyze the bacterial and archaeal microbial community structures of soil and water in a free surface flow constructed wetland, and the differences of bacterial communities and archaeal compositions between soil and water were compared. The results showed that the Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria, making up 35.38%~48.66% relative abundance. Euryarchaeotic were the absolute dominant archaea in the influent sample with the relative abundance of 93.29%, while Thaumarchaeota showed dominance in the other three samples, making up 50.58%~75.70%. The relative abundances of different species showed great changes in bacteria and archaea, and the number of dominant species in bacteria was much higher than that in archaea. Compared to archaea, the community compositions of bacteria were more abundant and the changes were more significant. Meanwhile, bacteria and archaea had large differences in compositions between water and soil. The microbial richness in water was significantly higher than that in soil. Simultaneously, soil had a significant enrichment effect on some microbial flora.

Revisiting Soil Aquifer Treatment: Improving Biodegradation and Filtration Efficiency Using a Highly Porous Material

“…Apart from Proteobacteria, studies have reported that the most abundant phyla often found in the soil of wetlands that treat wastewater are Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Cyanobacteria [15,[55][56][57][58]. This bacterial diversity is highly similar to the biofilm communities found in the SAT sand and tuff ( Figure 4A-C).…”

“…These processes are most effective in the upper layer of the vadose zone, which contains higher concentrations of the oxygen used for bacterial metabolism [11]. Biodegradation occurs mainly within the top meter of the SAT system, by bacterial biofilms attached to the media [12,13], as well as through bacterivores and grazers that can be found in the pore water [14,15]. Processes and parameters that govern biodegradation efficiency include residence time, hydraulic loading rate, and microbial activity, which is linked to the soil redox potential [4,16].…”

A Meta-Omics Analysis Unveils the Shift in Microbial Community Structures and Metabolomics Profiles in Mangrove Sediments Treated with a Selective Actinobacterial Isolation Procedure

“…Conversely, the archaeal community showed differences in the abundances of Euryarchaeota , Thaumarchaeota , and Crenarchaeota , suggesting that archaeal community structure may be controlled by different parameters than those controlling bacterial communities. Further, bacterial and archaeal communities have been shown to adapt differently to environmental changes and to react to different stimuli in the environment [ 57 , 58 ]. For the experiments on the effect of actinomycete-selective cultivation medium on microbial community structure, significant differences ( p < 0.05) in bacterial, archaeal, and viral populations were observed between the environmental and the experimental microbial communities (no significant difference was observed with the autoclaved water control).…”

Diversity and metabolic flexibility of nitrifying and denitrifying consortia used in wastewater treatment

“…En plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales, además de bacterias nitrificantes, se han encontrado AOA, la mayoría de la clase Nitrososphaeria, phylum Thaumarchaeota (Kerou et al, 2016;Xu et al, 2021) o Thermoproteota (Rinke et al, 2021). Las condiciones ambientales (temperatura, concentración de O 2 disuelto) y características de las aguas residuales (por ejemplo, concentración de NH 4 + y materia orgánica) influyen en determinar cuáles grupos son los dominantes tanto en las AOB como en las AOA (Lang et al, 2018;Yin et al, 2018). La composición en cuanto a microorganismos participantes de una comunidad y la función de esta pueden no estar relacionadas, microorganismos filogenéticamente cercanos pueden presentar diferentes características metabólicas y, por el contrario, la capacidad de oxidar el NH 4 + o de reducir NO 3 a N 2 puede presentarse en microorganismos filogenéticamente distantes.…”

“…Algunas especies de haloarqueas han mostrado capacidades de desnitrificación, lo que puede indicar un papel determinante en la reducción del NO 3 a N 2 en suelos o cuerpos de agua salinos tanto naturales como artificiales (Torregrosa-Crespo et al, 2017). Si bien es común la distinción entre "sistemas naturales" y "sistemas artificiales", esto es sólo por precisión de tema ya que los microorganismos no hacen distinción de un entorno u otro, y así, por ejemplo, pueden hallarse organismos propios del suelo en la composición de las comunidades de los llamados sistemas artificiales (Pholchan et al, 2013;Lang et al, 2018). En las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales, los genes marcadores de la desnitrificación se usan ampliamente en la caracterización de la estructura y dinámica de las comunidades microbianas participantes (Lu et al, 2014;Castellano-Hinojosa et al, 2020).…”