Variation in Wheat (Triticum spp.) Landraces from Different Altitudes of Three Regions of Turkey

Abstract

Wheat landrace populations, collected from different altitudes of three regions of Turkey, were evaluated for variation within and among populations. Experimental material consisted of 380 accessions, from nine provinces, in Central Anatolian Plateau and North Transitions. The material was grown at HaymanaAnkara Research Farm of Central Research Institute for Field Crops in 1999-2000 planting season, in a three-meter, two-row-plot trial with three bread and three durum wheat checks. Populations were evaluated for plant height, tillers number, spike length, grains per spike, awn length, thousand kernels weight (TKW), winter survival, and days to flowering. Observations and measurements were performed on five randomly selected plants in each plots. Mean, coefficient of variation (CV), and range were computed for populations from five altitude intervals of 0-399, 400-799, 800-1199, 1200-1599, and 1600-1999 and cluster analyses were performed later. The highest variation was recorded for awn length and the lowest for number of days to flowering. First three principal components (PCs) accounted for 60.69% of the total variation. Cluster analysis for bread wheat, durum wheat, cultivated einkorn and cultivated emmer grouped the species meaningfully.

Bread wheat responds salt stress better than einkorn wheat does during germination

“…The other group had salt tolerant Bayraktar 2000, Gerek 79, İkizce 96, Gün 91, Demir 2000, and Momtchil bread wheat cultivars. This was also parallel with Karagöz and Zencirci (2005), who grouped 8 einkorn populations and 2 durum wheat cultivars, i.e. Kızıltan 91 and Kunduru 1149, in two different groups for spike characters.…”

“…Other populations: Population-14, Population-15, Population-9, Population-10, Population-2, Population-4, and Population-11 were in subsubgroup one and Population-1 and Population-6 in the other subsubgroup. Karagöz and Zencirci (2005) also obtained two separate dendrograms for improved durum wheat cultivars and einkorn spike characteristics.…”

<p align="center">Kavuzlu Siyez (<em>Triticum monococcum</em> ssp. <em>monococcum</em>) ve Ekmeklik (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) Buğdaylarda Kurak ve Tuz Stresinin Erken Fide Gelişimi ve Antioksidan Aktivite Üzerine Etkisi </p>

“…Kavuzlu siyez buğdayından, modern buğday türlerine geçilmesi daha sonra olmuştur. Kavuzlu siyez buğdayı üretimi bugün Türkiye'de ne yazık ki yalnızca Kastamonu, Bolu, Bilecik ve Sinop illerindeki sınırlı alanlara sıkışmış bulunmaktadır (Karagoz and Zencirci 2005).…”

How diverse a farmer-managed wheat landrace can be?

“…As distinct plant populations, landraces are named and maintained by traditional farmers to meet their social, economic, cultural, and environmental needs. They are alternately called farmers' varieties or folk varieties (Belay et al, 1995;Masood et al, 2005;Karagö z and Zençirçi, 2005;Zençirçi and Karagö z, 2005) to indicate the innovative role of farmer communities in their development and maintenance. A wheat landrace is not necessarily a genetically and phenotypically stable, distinct, and uniform unit.…”

“…Farmers in Oman, typical of subsistence and resource-poor farmers in wheat marginal growing regions, usually grow a mixture of locallyadapted wheat species, including tetraploid and hexploid landraces (Zhang et al, 2006;Al Khanjri et al, 2007); these mixtures occasionally result in hybrid swarms (Mastuoka, 2011) thus generating new diversity and contributing to yield buffering and stability under adverse environmental and management conditions (Al Khanjari et al, 2008). In addition, it is suggested (Zeven, 2000;Tesgaye and Berg, 2007;Karagö z and Zençirçi, 2005;Yedliay et al, 2011) that farmers grow and maintain highly variable wheat landraces to lower the risk of failure under marginal production conditions and to increase food security of isolated communities (Rijal, 2010).…”