Variation in Tissue Burdens of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Indigenous and Relocated Oysters

Pittinger, Charles A.; Buikema, Arthur L.; Hornor, Sally G.; Young, R. W.

doi:10.1897/1552-8618(1985)4[379:vitbop]2.0.co;2

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Acute toxicity and a variety of chronic biological effects have been shown to be associated with whole sediments, either in solid phase bioassays or in situ (Alden and Young 1982;Hargis et al 1984;Warinner 1984, 1986;Pittinger et al 1985;Weeks et al 1985;Butt 1987, 1988;Alden et al 1988). Attempts t.o manage contaminated sediments based solely upon their estimated potential for loading the water column with dissolved concentrations of contaminants that exceed numerical criteria would miss the major issue: Sediments from certain areas of the Elizabeth River appear to contain "toxics in toxic amounts."…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release rates of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from natural sediments and their relationship to solubility and octanol-water partitioning

Helmstetter

Alden

1994

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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Abstract. Sediment effiux rates of six polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined employing a novel boundary-layer flux chamber which concentrates trace organics using solid phase extraction techniques. Sediment cores were collected from the Elizabeth River, Virginia and were monitored over a 48 h period for PAH fluxes into uncontaminated seawater. The observed flux rates were related to solubility and octanol-water partition coefficients (Kow) of the PAHs. Flux rates for the six PAHs varied from 0.028 to 0.646 p.g/L/d on a concentration basis and 43.0 to 1,000 p~g/m2/d on an areal basis. The resulting flux rate coefficients (k2) were determined to be well correlated to solubility (R 2 = 0.82) and inversely related to Kow (R 2 = 0.75). The empirically determined sediment flux dynamics fit well with theoretical relationships that have been previously established for bioconcentration kinetics and octanol/water partitioning systems. Thus, it appears possible to predict flux rates of other hydrophobic organic chemicals from ambient sediment and water concentrations, Kow information, and the proposed empirical models.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release rates of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from natural sediments and their relationship to solubility and octanol-water partitioning

Helmstetter

Alden

1994

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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“…Site S217 (site 4) was located approximately 5 krn upstream from HP in the Southern Branch of the River. High concentrations of PAHs have been detected in oysters and sediments from the two Elizabeth River sites [3,28,29]. A petroleum storage facility was adjacent to the S217 site, and an abandoned creosote plant near the site has been cited as a major source of PAH contamination in the river [29].…”

Section: Relocation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods used in the extraction and preparation of the oyster samples for PAH analyses were previously described by Pittinger et al [3]. The same samples, transferred to DMSO, were analyzed for mutagenicity in this study.…”

Section: Pah Analyses and Mutagenicity Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PAHs were separated from lipids by gel permeation chromatography using S-X8 Biobeads (Biorad, 200 to 400 mesh). Elution profiles of PAHs and lipids from the gel column and recoveries of PAHs in spiked control samples were characterized [3].…”

Section: Pah Analyses and Mutagenicity Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Minimum detection limits (0.093 to 0.222 pg/g dry wt.) and representative chromatograms were published previously [3].…”

Section: Pah Analyses and Mutagenicity Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Situ Variations in Oyster Mutagenicity and Tissue Concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons*

Pittinger¹,

Buikema²,

Falkinham³

1987

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Variations in oyster mutagenicity were monitored in a series of in situ relocation experiments and compared with tissue concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were relocated among three rivers in the southern Chesapeake Bay and sampled over a 2-week exposure period. Extracts of oyster tissues were assayed for mutagenic activity by the Salmonella typhimurium microsomal test and analyzed for selected PAHs by gas chromatography. Oysters relocated to the polluted Elizabeth River (Norfolk, VA) from a pristine site (Ware River, VA) accumulated mutagenic activity and PAHs within 3 d following relocation. Mutagenicity increased over a 14-d period while tissue levels of most PAHs stabilized or declined after 3 d. Extracts of native oysters from the Elizabeth River exhibited comparable levels of mutagenic activity as 14-d relocated oysters. In elimination experiments, PAH levels and mutagenic activity of Elizabeth River oysters decreased following relocation to the Ware River and were not detected after 14 d. Regression analyses did not detect a significant association between slopes of mutagenicity dose-responses and tissue levels of PAHs. Marginal associations with numbers of Salmonella revertants per plate were detected in comparisons with sums of PAH tissue levels, and with tissue levels of benzofluoranthene.

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Differential tolerance of native and nonnative fish exposed to ultraviolet radiation and fluoranthene in Lake Tahoe (California/Nevada), USA

Gevertz

Tucker

Bowling

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Within Lake Tahoe (CA/NV), USA, multiple environmental stressors are present that can affect both native and nonnative fish species. Stressors include natural ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Many PAHs, such as fluoranthene (FLU) are phototoxic to aquatic organisms in the presence of UVR. Decreasing levels of UVR due to eutrophication and increasing levels of PAHs due to recreational activities may combine to affect the relative ability of native versus nonnative fish species to survive in the lake. The objective of the present study was to examine the differential effects of exposure to different levels of UVR and phototoxic FLU in native and nonnative fish species. Responses to these changes in the native Lahontan redside minnow (Richardsonius egregius) and the nonnative warm-water bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) were compared during toxicity tests, which were conducted in controlled outdoor exposures. Physiological defenses were also investigated in an attempt to elucidate ways each species may tolerate UVR and UVR + FLU exposures. It was determined that the native redside minnow is more tolerant to UVR and UVR + FLU exposure when compared to the nonnative bluegill. In addition, a natural UVR coping mechanism, increased pigmentation, is exhibited to a greater extent in the native redside. The present study will help determine the potential for a future successful invasion of the bluegill and similar species in Lake Tahoe and other oligotrophic, montane lakes that are susceptible to habitat alteration, nutrient inputs, and recreational activity.

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Variation in Tissue Burdens of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Indigenous and Relocated Oysters

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Release rates of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from natural sediments and their relationship to solubility and octanol-water partitioning

Release rates of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from natural sediments and their relationship to solubility and octanol-water partitioning

In Situ Variations in Oyster Mutagenicity and Tissue Concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons*

Differential tolerance of native and nonnative fish exposed to ultraviolet radiation and fluoranthene in Lake Tahoe (California/Nevada), USA

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