Variation in the terrestrial isotopic composition and atomic weight of argon (IUPAC Technical Report)

Böhlke, John K.

doi:10.1515/pac-2013-0918

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(188 reference statements)

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“…An AAr sample was used in addition to the UAr samples to investigate if the different isotopic composition of the gases would lead to significantly different 39 Ar and 37 Ar production. In addition to 40 Ar, AAr contains 36 Ar at 0.334% and 38 Ar at 0.063% [12,52]. UAr is composed almost solely of 40 Ar with the 36 Ar concentration measured by mass spectrometry to be less than 0.01% and the 38 Ar concentration expected to be reduced by a similar factor compared to AAr, consistent with measurements of gas extracted from deep underground wells [7].…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 81%

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Cosmogenic production of Ar39 and Ar37 in argon

et al. 2019

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We have experimentally determined the production rate of 39 Ar and 37 Ar due to cosmic ray neutron interactions in argon at sea level. Understanding these production rates is important for argon-based dark matter experiments that plan to utilize argon extracted from deep underground because it is imperative to know what the ingrowth of 39 Ar will be during the production, transport, and storage of the underground argon. These measurements also allow for the prediction of 39 Ar and 37 Ar concentrations in the atmosphere which can be used to determine the presence of other sources of these isotopes. Through controlled irradiation with a neutron beam that mimics the cosmic ray neutron spectrum, followed by direct counting of 39 Ar and 37 Ar decays with sensitive ultra-low background proportional counters, we determined that the production rate from cosmic ray neutrons at sea-level is expected to be (759 ± 128) atoms/(kg Ar day) for 39 Ar, and (51.0 ± 7.4) atoms/(kg Ar day) for 37 Ar. We also performed a survey of the alternate production mechanisms based on the state-of-knowledge of the associated cross-sections to obtain a total sea-level cosmic ray production rate of (1048 ± 133) atoms/(kg Ar day) for 39 Ar, (56.7 ± 7.5) atoms/(kg Ar day) for 37 Ar in underground argon, and (92 ± 13) atoms/(kg Ar day) for 37 Ar in atmospheric argon.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The β de- * richard.saldanha@pnnl.gov [10,11] TABLE I. Stable and long-lived isotopes of argon, along with their typical abundances [12] and specific activity in atmospheric argon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosmogenic production of Ar39 and Ar37 in argon

et al. 2019

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“…Significant local subsurface sources of He can be ruled out if the He/ 40 Ar ratio does not indicate production and the GW is young (i.e., 3 H > 5 TU) (Aeschbach‐Hertig & Solomon, 2013; Kipfer et al., 2002; Mayer et al., 2014). Significant radiogenic production of 40 Ar is commonly only observed for GW with residence times on the order of 10 5 years or more and can be ruled out if the 40 Ar/ 36 Ar ratio in GW is not significantly larger than the atmospheric ratio (i.e., 298.56; Böhlke, 2014) (Aeschbach‐Hertig & Solomon, 2013; Kipfer et al., 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Groundwater Recharge Dynamics and Unsaturated Zone Processes in Snow‐Dominated Catchments via On‐Site Dissolved Gas Analysis

Schilling

Parajuli

Otis

et al. 2021

Water Resources Research

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Snowmelt contributes a significant fraction of groundwater recharge in snow‐dominated regions, making its accurate quantification crucial for sustainable water resources management. While several components of the hydrological cycle can be measured directly, catchment‐scale recharge can only be quantified indirectly. Stable water isotopes are often used as tracers to estimate snowmelt recharge, even though estimates based on stable water isotopes are biased due to the large variations of δ2H and δ18O in snow and the difficulty to measure snowmelt directly. To overcome this gap, a new tracer method based on on‐site measurements of dissolved He, 40Ar, 84Kr, N2, O2, and CO2 is presented. The new method was developed alongside classical tracer methods (stable water isotopes, 222Rn, 3H/3He) in a highly instrumented boreal catchment. By revealing (noble gas) recharge temperatures and excess air, dissolved gases allow (i) the contribution of snowmelt to recharge, (ii) the temporal recharge dynamics, and (iii) the primary recharge pathways to be identified. In contrast to stable water isotopes, which produced highly inconsistent snowmelt recharge estimates for the experimental catchment, dissolved gases produced consistent estimates even when the temperature of snowmelt during recharge was not precisely known. As dissolved gases are not controlled by the same processes as stable water isotopes, they are not prone to the same biases and represent a highly complementary tracer method for the quantification of snowmelt recharge dynamics in snow‐dominated regions. Furthermore, an observed systematic depletion of N2 in groundwater provides new evidence for the pathways of biological N‐fixation in boreal forest soils.

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“…[11] It is interesting to find that the lighter 36 Ar isotope is dominant in this emission spectrum, whereas in our terrestrial region argon-40 (99.6 %) is the major isotope. [12] The hydrogen cyanides were synthesized by reacting KCN with dilute H 2 SO 4 and drying the HCN gas product by trap to trap distillation. [13] The H 13 CN was made from K 13 CN (99 % 13 C) in the same way, and likewise for HC 15 N (96 % 15 N).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(Noble Gas)_n‐NC⁺ Molecular Ions in Noble Gas Matrices: Matrix Infrared Spectra and Electronic Structure Calculations

Tsegaw

Andrews

et al. 2021

Chemistry A European J

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An investigation of pulsed-laser-ablated Zn, Cd and Hg metal atom reactions with HCN under excess argon during co-deposition with laser-ablated Hg atoms from a dental amalgam target also provided Hg emissions capable of photoionization of the CN photo-dissociation product. A new band at 1933.4 cm À 1 in the region of the CN and CN + gasphase fundamental absorptions that appeared upon annealing the matrix to 20 K after sample deposition, and disappeared upon UV photolysis is assigned to (Ar) n CN + , our key finding. It is not possible to determine the n coefficient exactly, but structure calculations suggest that one, two, three or four argon atoms can solvate the CN + cation in an argon matrix with CÀ N absorptions calculated (B3LYP) to be between 2317.2 and 2319.8 cm À 1 . Similar bands were observed in solid krypton at 1920.5, in solid xenon at 1935.4 and in solid neon at 1947.8 cm À 1 . H 13 CN reagent gave an 1892.3 absorption with shift instead, and a 12/13 isotopic frequency ratio-nearly the same as found for 13 CN + itself in the gas phase and in the argon matrix. The CN + molecular ion serves as a useful infrared probe to examine Ng clusters. The following ion reactions are believed to occur here: the first step upon sample deposition is assisted by a focused pulsed YAG laser, and the second step occurs on sample annealing:

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Variation in the terrestrial isotopic composition and atomic weight of argon (IUPAC Technical Report)

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Cosmogenic production of Ar39 and Ar37 in argon

Cosmogenic production of Ar39 and Ar37 in argon

Quantifying Groundwater Recharge Dynamics and Unsaturated Zone Processes in Snow‐Dominated Catchments via On‐Site Dissolved Gas Analysis

(Noble Gas)_n‐NC⁺ Molecular Ions in Noble Gas Matrices: Matrix Infrared Spectra and Electronic Structure Calculations

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Variation in the terrestrial isotopic composition and atomic weight of argon (IUPAC Technical Report)

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Cosmogenic production of Ar39 and Ar37 in argon

Cosmogenic production of Ar39 and Ar37 in argon

Quantifying Groundwater Recharge Dynamics and Unsaturated Zone Processes in Snow‐Dominated Catchments via On‐Site Dissolved Gas Analysis

(Noble Gas)n‐NC+ Molecular Ions in Noble Gas Matrices: Matrix Infrared Spectra and Electronic Structure Calculations

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Product

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(Noble Gas)_n‐NC⁺ Molecular Ions in Noble Gas Matrices: Matrix Infrared Spectra and Electronic Structure Calculations