Variation in the nanoindentation hardness of platinum

Maughan, Michael R.; Zbib, Hussein M.; Bahr, David F.

doi:10.1557/jmr.2013.285

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The hardness was measured at contact depths ranging between 90 nm to 170 nm, ≈10% of the film thickness; deep enough to be deeper than the spherical tip asperity and shallow enough to avoid significant substrate effects. [17] Since other researchers have identified hardness changes with similar annealing conditions [2,22] and changes in structure (i.e. Cr precipitation growth), we expect a similar type of precipitation occurs in this study, albeit with less precipitation (size and possible volume fraction) at these lower annealing temperatures.…”

Section: Figure 3 Transition State Energy Of Diffusion Process Calcusupporting

confidence: 74%

Age-hardening in a two component immiscible nanolaminate metal system

et al. 2017

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Density functional theory was used to predict the diffusion and precipitation of Cr in Cu. The energy barrier of Cr diffusion in Cu is comparable to the self-diffusion of Cr, and higher than the energy barrier of Cu self-diffusion. The simulations support the experimentally measured hardness of 30nm thick nanolaminate layers of Cr/Cu-3.4%Cr. As-deposited films had a hardness of 6.25 GPa; annealing at 373K decreased hardness to 5.95 GPa, while annealing at 573K increased the hardness to 6.6 GPa. Transmission electron microscopy indicates there is significant local strain due to precipitation, in agreement with theoretical predictions.

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Section: Figure 3 Transition State Energy Of Diffusion Process Calcusupporting

confidence: 74%

Age-hardening in a two component immiscible nanolaminate metal system

et al. 2017

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“…S4). One should take note of the fact that the scatter bars of the measurements overlap due to the intrinsically increasing stochasticity for small-depth indentation (44). However, having >25 indents for each measurement should lend some credibility to the average values.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the origins of the indentation size effect at submicron scales

Higgins

Liang

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The origin of the indentation size effect has been extensively researched over the last three decades, following the establishment of nanoindentation as a broadly used small-scale mechanical testing technique that enables hardness measurements at submicrometer scales. However, a mechanistic understanding of the indentation size effect based on direct experimental observations at the dislocation level remains limited due to difficulties in observing and quantifying the dislocation structures that form underneath indents using conventional microscopy techniques. Here, we employ precession electron beam diffraction microscopy to “look beneath the surface,” revealing the dislocation characteristics (e.g., distribution and total length) as a function of indentation depth for a single crystal of nickel. At smaller depths, individual dislocation lines can be resolved, and the dislocation distribution is quite diffuse. The indentation size effect deviates from the Nix–Gao model and is controlled by dislocation source starvation, as the dislocations are very mobile and glide away from the indented zone, leaving behind a relatively low dislocation density in the plastically deformed volume. At larger depths, dislocations become highly entangled and self-arrange to form subgrain boundaries. In this depth range, the Nix–Gao model provides a rational description because the entanglements and subgrain boundaries effectively confine dislocation movement to a small hemispherical volume beneath the contact impression, leading to dislocation interaction hardening. The work highlights the critical role of dislocation structural development in the small-scale mechanistic transition in indentation size effect and its importance in understanding the plastic deformation of materials at the submicron scale.

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“…Nanoindentation requires relatively large few micron-sized sample volumes, and the scarce data obtainable so far is summarized in Figure 18. Nanoindentation hardness ranges were indicated in Figure 18 for Pt [108], W [109], Co [110], Ga 2 O 3 [111], amorphous hydrogenated carbon [112], and polyethylene [113]. The nanoindentation hardness ranges of amorphous hydrogenated carbon were measured to vary from about 5 GPa (40 at.% H) to 21 GPa (30 at.% H) [112], while the polyethylene populates the low range from 0.022 GPa to 0.073 GPa, depending on density and molecular weight [113].…”

Section: Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of 3D Nanostructures Obtained by Focused Electron/Ion Beam-Induced Deposition: A Review

et al. 2020

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This article reviews the state-of-the -art of mechanical material properties and measurement methods of nanostructures obtained by two nanoscale additive manufacturing methods: gas-assisted focused electron and focused ion beam-induced deposition using volatile organic and organometallic precursors. Gas-assisted focused electron and ion beam-induced deposition-based additive manufacturing technologies enable the direct-write fabrication of complex 3D nanostructures with feature dimensions below 50 nm, pore-free and nanometer-smooth high-fidelity surfaces, and an increasing flexibility in choice of materials via novel precursors. We discuss the principles, possibilities, and literature proven examples related to the mechanical properties of such 3D nanoobjects. Most materials fabricated via these approaches reveal a metal matrix composition with metallic nanograins embedded in a carbonaceous matrix. By that, specific material functionalities, such as magnetic, electrical, or optical can be largely independently tuned with respect to mechanical properties governed mostly by the matrix. The carbonaceous matrix can be precisely tuned via electron and/or ion beam irradiation with respect to the carbon network, carbon hybridization, and volatile element content and thus take mechanical properties ranging from polymeric-like over amorphous-like toward diamond-like behavior. Such metal matrix nanostructures open up entirely new applications, which exploit their full potential in combination with the unique 3D additive manufacturing capabilities at the nanoscale.

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Variation in the nanoindentation hardness of platinum

Cited by 9 publications

References 53 publications

Age-hardening in a two component immiscible nanolaminate metal system

Age-hardening in a two component immiscible nanolaminate metal system

Exploring the origins of the indentation size effect at submicron scales

Mechanical Properties of 3D Nanostructures Obtained by Focused Electron/Ion Beam-Induced Deposition: A Review

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