Variation in the development of secondary dormancy in oilseed rape genotypes under conditions of stress

Momoh, E. J. J.; Zhou, Weijun; Kristiansson, B

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3180.2002.00308.x

Cited by 122 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Hypoxia is another factor which can induce dormancy (Benvenuti and Macchia 1995, Pekrun et al 1997, Momoh et al 2002. Sandy soils with greater pore volume and gas exchange facilitated emergence of Datura stramonium, whereas emergence was inhibited by clay soils (Benvenuti 2003).…”

Section: Conventionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Which soils are comfortable for oilseed rape seeds (Brassica napus) to survive?

2014

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The study should reveal the effects of soil texture and of seed characteristics of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) on seed survival in the soil by a burial experiment. Seeds of 58 conventional and new trait accessions (genetically modified and/or with altered seed ingredients) were buried for six months in sandy loam ( Significantly more seeds were found in C and SICL compared to SL. Seed survival also significantly depended on the genotype, with high and low seed survival in both conventional and new trait accessions. Seed survival rates are probably linked with moisture and oxygen provided by different soils. As soils with good water storage conditions seem to have a higher probability for oilseed rape seeds from harvest losses to survive, other measures such as growing low dormancy varieties and proper soil tillage are especially relevant to avoid volunteers on these soils.

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Section: Conventionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that the size of the soil seed bank depends on the mode and time of post-harvest tillage (Pekrun et al 1998, and on the genotype (Momoh et al 2002). Both factors can theoretically be controlled by appropriate management practice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Which soils are comfortable for oilseed rape seeds (Brassica napus) to survive?

2014

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“…The duration of the persistence varies with the cultivar and the conditions of burial, with higher persistence at depth than near the surface, in heavy soils than in lighter ones, and in undisturbed environments (Chadoeuf et al, 1998;Gruber et al, 2004;Gulden, 2003;López-Granados and Lutman, 1998;Lutman et al, 2002Lutman et al, , 2004Momoh et al, 2002;Pekrun et al, 1997b;Pekrun et al, 2003;Pessel et al, 2001;Roller et al, 2003;Simard et al, 2002;Squire et al, 2003). Under normal cropping conditions ca.…”

Section: Seed Dispersal In Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seed persistence is not only affected by environment and agronomic practices, but also depends on the genetics of the cultivars. Some cultivars have very little incidence of secondary dormancy, while others exhibit levels up to 80% Gruber et al, 2004;Lutman et al, 2004;Momoh et al, 2002;Pekrun et al, 1997a). If volunteer oilseed rape persistence is to be minimized, plant breeders may be recommended to breed for lower seed dormancy, provided that there is enough genetic variation for dormancy in the gene pool.…”

Section: Practical Measures To Limit Seed Dispersal In Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Management of herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape in Europe: a case study on minimizing vertical gene flow

Devos

Reheul

Schrijver

et al. 2004

Environ. Biosafety Res.

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The potential commercialization of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) oilseed rape in Europe raises various concerns about their potential environmental and agronomic impacts, especially those associated with the escape of transgenes. Pollen of oilseed rape can be dispersed in space, resulting in the fertilization of sympatric compatible wild relatives (e.g. Brassica rapa) and oilseed rape cultivars grown nearby (GM and/or non-GM Brassica napus). The spatial and temporal dispersal of seeds of oilseed rape may lead to feral oilseed rape populations outside the cropped areas and oilseed rape volunteers in subsequent crops in the rotation. The incorporation of a HT trait(s) may increase the fitness of the recipient plants, making them more abundant and persistent, and may result in weeds that are difficult to control by the herbicide(s) to which they are tolerant. Vertical gene flow from transgenic oilseed rape to non-GM counterparts may also have an impact on farming and supply chain management, depending on labelling thresholds for the adventitious presence of GM material in non-GM products. Given the extent of pollen and seed dispersal in oilseed rape, it is obvious that the safe and sound integration of GMHT oilseed rape in Europe may require significant on-farm and off-farm management efforts. Crucial practical measures that can reduce vertical gene flow include (1) isolating seed production of Brassica napus, (2) the use of certified seed, (3) isolating fields of GM oilseed rape, (4) harvesting at the correct crop development stage with properly adjusted combine settings, (5) ensuring maximum germination of shed seeds after harvest, (6) controlling volunteers in subsequent crops, and (7) keeping on-farm records. The implementation of the recommended practices may, however, be difficult, entailing various challenges.

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“…Under field conditions, the persistence of secondarily dormant seed has been confirmed to be up to five years, but may reach ten years or more (Simard et al, 2002;Gulden et al, 2003b;Lutman et al, 2004Lutman et al, , 2005Lutman et al, , 2008Begg et al, 2006;Messéan et al, 2007;Jørgensen et al, 2007; D'Hertefeldt et al, 2008;Gruber et al, 2008;Beckie and Warwick, 2010). Secondary dormancy is complex: it can be induced by a range of factors such as low temperature, soil dryness, and darkness through burial in soil (López-Granados and Lutman, 1998;Squire, 1999;Marshall et al, 2000;Momoh et al, 2002;Gruber et al, 2004Gruber et al, , 2010Gulden et al, 2004a). Recently, dormant oilseed rape seed has been found in the soil seedbank in non-till systems, indicating that seed can fall dormant on the soil surface, and need not to be buried in the dark (Gruber et al, 2010).…”

Section: Recruitment From Seed Emerging From the Soil Seedbank Or Fromentioning

confidence: 99%

Feral genetically modified herbicide tolerant oilseed rape from seed import spills: are concerns scientifically justified?

Devos

Hails

Messéan³

et al. 2011

Transgenic Res

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Contact CEH NORA team at noraceh@ceh.ac.ukThe NERC and CEH trademarks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner.1 | P a g e KEYWORDSGenetically modified oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, seed spillage, ferality, persistence, invasiveness, coexistence, introgression 2 | P a g e ABSTRACTOne of the concerns surrounding the import (for food and feed uses or processing) of genetically modified herbicide tolerant (GMHT) oilseed rape is that, through seed spillage, the herbicide tolerance (HT) trait will escape into agricultural or semi-natural habitats, causing environmental or economic problems. Based on these concerns, three EU countries have invoked national safeguard clauses to ban the marketing of specific GMHT oilseed rape events on their territory. However, the scientific basis for the environmental and economic concerns posed by feral GMHT oilseed rape resulting from seed import spills is debatable.While oilseed rape has characteristics such as secondary dormancy and small seed size that enable it to persist and be redistributed in the landscape, the presence of ferals is not in itself an environmental or economic problem. Crucially, feral oilseed rape has not become invasive outside cultivated and ruderal habitats, and HT traits are not likely to result in increased invasiveness. Feral GMHT oilseed rape has the potential to introduce HT traits to volunteer weeds in agricultural fields, but would only be amplified if the herbicides to which HT volunteers are tolerant were used routinely in the field. However, this worst-case scenario is most unlikely, as seed import spills are mostly confined to port areas. Economic concerns revolve around the potential for feral GMHT oilseed rape to contribute to GM admixtures in non-GM crops. Since feral plants derived from cultivation (as distinct from import) occur at too low a frequency to affect the coexistence threshold of 0.9% in the EU, it can be concluded that feral GMHT plants resulting from seed import spills will have little relevance as a potential source of pollen or seed for GM admixture. This paper concludes that feral oilseed rape in Europe should not be routinely managed, and certainly not in semi-natural habitats, as the benefits of such action would not outweigh the negative effects of management.3 | P a g e INTRODUCTIONThe global area cropped with genetically modified (GM) crops has consistently increased each year since they were first commercially cultivated in 1996 (1.7 million hectares), reaching 148 million hectares in 2010 (James, 2010). The advent of GM crops and their rapid expansion in terms of cropping area evoked intense debate about their safety (Hails, 2000; Devos et al., 2008b;Waltz, 2009; Gaskell et al., 2011). Concerns have been raised that the commercial release of GM crops could result in adverse environmental and economic effects.Environmental concerns include the potential for altered fitness of the crop ...

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Variation in the development of secondary dormancy in oilseed rape genotypes under conditions of stress

Cited by 122 publications

References 18 publications

Which soils are comfortable for oilseed rape seeds (Brassica napus) to survive?

Which soils are comfortable for oilseed rape seeds (Brassica napus) to survive?

Management of herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape in Europe: a case study on minimizing vertical gene flow

Feral genetically modified herbicide tolerant oilseed rape from seed import spills: are concerns scientifically justified?

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