Variation in the concentration of cadmium in human kidney as a function of age and geographic origin

Perry, Horace M.; Tipton, Isabel H.; Schroeder, Henry A.; Steiner, Robert L.; Cook, Mary Jane

doi:10.1016/0021-9681(61)90157-6

Cited by 72 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, as observed in other investigations (Harding-Barlow 1961, Perry et al 1962, Tipton et al 1963, Tipton & Cook 1963, the concentration of trace elements in tissue is mostly not normally distributed. Tipton et al (1963) stated that it is more accurate to use the median as central value than the arithmetic mean.…”

Section: Csmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…A grouping of trace elements similar to the present one, i.e., into those with, with suspected and without known biological function, is used by many authors (Perry et al 1962, Tipton 1960, Tipton & Cook 1963. There is, of course, no sharp OI-definite border between these groups.…”

Section: Csmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Harding-Barlow 1961, Tipton & Cook 1963. But the simultaneous determination of many trace elements with spectrographic methods is considered to be somewhat lacking in accuracy (Perry, Tipton, Schroeder & Cook 1961, Tipton, Cook, Steiner, Boye, Perry Jr. & Schroeder 1963.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concentration of 24 Trace Elements in Human Heart Tissue Determined by Neutron Activation Analysis

Wester

1965

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation

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Section: Csmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Csmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Concentration of 24 Trace Elements in Human Heart Tissue Determined by Neutron Activation Analysis

Wester

1965

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation

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“…Cadmium, in contrast to many other elements, accumulates with age in tissues (3). Very little renal cadmium is present at birth, but relatively large amounts of this element are present in kidneys of adults (4), the concentration in newborn being less than 1% of adults.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium effects in rats on tissue iron, selenium, and blood pressure: blood and hair cadmium in some Oregon residents

Whanger¹

1979

Environ Health Perspect

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Exposure of rats to cadmium causes a marked depletion of iron in liver and kidney. Selenium neither counteracts or intensifies the influence of cadmium on tissue iron levels. Selenium injections protect against cadmium-induced testicular damage but cause this element to accumulate in the testes at higher concentration than in animals exposed to cadmium without selenium. Selenium injection diverts the binding of cadmium from low molecular weight proteins to high molecular weight ones. Dosing rats with selenium and cadmium or inclusion of Se or Cd in the diet did not result in altered cadmium binding in tissues, raising some questions concerning the environmental significance of these injection experiments.Addition of selenium to a diet containing cadmium decreased the accumulation of cadmium in liver and kidney, but increased its deposition in testes. The metabolism of cadmium bound to metaliothionein was markedly different as compared to the inorganic salt of this element. Dietary ascorbate, but not citrate or cysteine, decreased the deposition of cadmium in rat tissues. In some low-level exposure experiments with cadmium (1 to 1000 ppb), no differences were found in the percentage of dose absorbed or rate of cadmium accumulation when provided in food versus water. Female rats tended to absorb more cadmium than males. The binding of cadmium to cytosolic proteins was found to be different between rats fed low levels of cadmium (up to 1 ppm) as compared to those fed high levels of this element (100 ppm). Cadmium was not found to contribute to hypertension in rats, and a summary of results by various investigators is presented.Blood and hair cadmium levels in Oregon residents were found to be highest in employees of a mine, and hair cadmium was found to be respectively higher in smokers than nonsmokers and in metal workers than office workers. No relationships were observed in humans between blood or hair cadmium levels and blood pressure.

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“…Cadmium poisoning has been reported from foods which had been kept or prepared in cadmium-plated containers and has occasionally been found in drinking water in unacceptable levels. Cadmium, in contrast to many other elements, accumulates with age in tissues (Perry et al, 1961). Very little renal cadmium is present at birth, but relatively large amounts of this element are present in kidneys of adults (Schroeder and Balassa, 1961), the concentration in newborns being less than 1% of that in adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the effect of cadmium on rat organs and investigation of diethyl carbamate as an oral drug in treatment of cadmium toxicity

2008

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The effect of diethyl carbamate as a chelating agent on the excretion of cadmium was evaluated in cadmium-poisoned Wistar rats following food and drink administration. The present research aimed to characterize the potential efficiency of diethyl carbamate as an oral drug chelator after cadmium administration for 60 days. This chelator significantly enhanced the urinary and biliary excretion of cadmium and restored the altered levels of iron. Diethyl carbamate was given orally to different groups of rats for a period of 1 week immediately after cadmium administration. After chelation therapy, animals were killed by exsanguination from abdominal aorta. Blood, kidneys, spleen, and heart samples were collected and prepared for determination of cadmium. Cadmium and iron concentrations in different issues were determined by graphite furnace and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS and FAAS) methods, respectively. The chelation therapy results showed that diethyl carbamate was able to remove cadmium ions from different tissues while iron concentration returned to normal level and clinical symptoms were also reduced. In summary, we can conclude that diethyl carbamate could mobilize and promote the excretion of cadmium in rat organs and reduce the side-effects and general symptoms of toxicity. Moreover, it might be useful for preliminary testing of the efficiency of chelating agents in the human body. However, these results should be confirmed in a different experimental model before extrapolation to other systems. This testing procedure of course does not provide all the relevant answers for evaluating the efficiency of chelating agents in cadmium toxicity.

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Variation in the concentration of cadmium in human kidney as a function of age and geographic origin

Cited by 72 publications

References 9 publications

Concentration of 24 Trace Elements in Human Heart Tissue Determined by Neutron Activation Analysis

Concentration of 24 Trace Elements in Human Heart Tissue Determined by Neutron Activation Analysis

Cadmium effects in rats on tissue iron, selenium, and blood pressure: blood and hair cadmium in some Oregon residents

Evaluation of the effect of cadmium on rat organs and investigation of diethyl carbamate as an oral drug in treatment of cadmium toxicity

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