Variation in susceptibility of three Sudanese sheep ecotypes to natural infection with Theileria lestoquardi

Imam, Ahmed H. El; Hassan, S.M.; Gameel, A. A.; Hussein, Ahmed S.; Taha, Khalid M.; Salih, Diaeldin A.

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.11.003

Cited by 10 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…In the present study, the three Sudanese sheep ecotypes investigated showed no significant differences (p >0.05) in the prevalence rate of T. lestoquardi, while an experimental study by Elimam et al [4] indicated differences in the susceptibility among Desert, Garaj and watish ecotypes with Desert being the most susceptible ecotype. In this study a higher piroplasm prevalence rate was observed in the age group of >1 year compared to <1 year group.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…In the Sudan the disease is economically important, as sheep play a vital role in the national economy and in the livelihood of farmers. High morbidity and mortality rates were recorded during outbreaks [3,4]. Hyalomma anatolicom, the most efficient transmitting vector of (MOT) [5], has adapted itself to the desert condition of the Sudan and had been reported throughout the year in different parts of the country [6,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, First Molecular Identification and Characterization of Theileria lestoquardi in Sheep in Alhuda National Sheep Research Station, Al Gezira State, Sudan

Ahmed

Salih

et al. 2019

AJOB

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, First Molecular Identification and Characterization of Theileria lestoquardi in Sheep in Alhuda National Sheep Research Station, Al Gezira State, Sudan

Ahmed

Salih

et al. 2019

AJOB

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“…Malignant Ovine Theileriosis (MOT) or Malignant Small Ruminant Theileriosis (Smith and Sherman, 2011) is a parasitic disease of sheep, caused by Theileria lestoquardi and mainly transmitted by Hyalomma anatolicum. Sheep are considered a very receptive host for T. lestoquardi, as infection usually evolves into subacute and acute theileriosis even in indigenous sheep (Tageldin et al, 1992;El Hussein et al, 1998;Tageldin et al, 2005;El Imam et al, 2015). Globally, high morbidity and mortality rates have been reported in Iran (Hooshmand-Rad, 1977), Sudan (Salih et al, 2003;El Imam et al, 2015), and in Sultanate of Oman (Tageldin et al, 2005).…”

Section: General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sheep are considered a very receptive host for T. lestoquardi, as infection usually evolves into subacute and acute theileriosis even in indigenous sheep (Tageldin et al, 1992;El Hussein et al, 1998;Tageldin et al, 2005;El Imam et al, 2015). Globally, high morbidity and mortality rates have been reported in Iran (Hooshmand-Rad, 1977), Sudan (Salih et al, 2003;El Imam et al, 2015), and in Sultanate of Oman (Tageldin et al, 2005). Sheep from disease-free zones suffer high morbidity when introduced to endemic areas and significant mortality rates are expected (El Imam et al, 2015).…”

Section: General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Globally, high morbidity and mortality rates have been reported in Iran (Hooshmand-Rad, 1977), Sudan (Salih et al, 2003;El Imam et al, 2015), and in Sultanate of Oman (Tageldin et al, 2005). Sheep from disease-free zones suffer high morbidity when introduced to endemic areas and significant mortality rates are expected (El Imam et al, 2015). Consequently, the improvement of livestock production in these zones is severely hampered.…”

Section: General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Malignant Ovine Theileriosis ( Theileria Lestoquardi ) : A Review

Imam¹,

Taha²

2015

JJBS

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Malignant Ovine Theileriosis (MOT) is a tick borne disease of sheep and goats, caused by Theileria lestoquardi and is considered a major constraint for sheep production in many areas of the world. It has been reported to infect lymphocytes in vivo and in vitro and the schizonts differentiate into macro-schizonts and micro-schizonts. To date, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the disease pathogenesis, but its high mortality is likely to be linked to the ability of T. lestoquardi to stimulate uncontrolled proliferation of the infected leukocyte. Consequently, severe tissue destruction and pulmonary oedema leading to respiratory failure are thought to be the cause of death. Despite an immense amount of small ruminant research, MOT remains an important disease of sheep and goats. Therefore, the present review outlines the current knowledge covering T. lestoquardi transmission, distribution, pathogenesis, diagnosis and control. The information may assist in filling the gaps in our knowledge about the economic impact of the disease and new research initiatives. We conclude that the development of a simple, affordable and applicable diagnostic test for an early detection at the field level, and the production of an effective vaccine could have a significant impact on the control of the disease.

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The Piroplasmida Babesia, Cytauxzoon, and Theileria in farm and companion animals: species compilation, molecular phylogeny, and evolutionary insights

et al. 2022

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The order Piroplasmida, including the genera Babesia, Cytauxzoon, and Theileria is often referred to as piroplasmids and comprises of dixenous hemoprotozoans transmitted by ticks to a mammalian or avian host. Although piroplasmid infections are usually asymptomatic in wild animals, in domestic animals, they cause serious or life-threatening consequences resulting in fatalities. Piroplasmids are particularly notorious for the enormous economic loss they cause worldwide in livestock production, the restrictions they pose on horse trade, and the negative health impact they have on dogs and cats. Furthermore, an increasing number of reported human babesiosis cases are of growing concern. Considerable international research and epidemiological studies are done to identify existing parasite species, reveal their phylogenetic relationships, and develop improved or new drugs and vaccines to mitigate their impact. In this review, we present a compilation of all piroplasmid species, isolates, and species complexes that infect domestic mammals and which have been well defined by molecular phylogenetic markers. Altogether, 57 taxonomic piroplasmid entities were compiled, comprising of 43 piroplasmid species, 12 well-defined isolates awaiting formal species description, and two species complexes that possibly mask additional species. The extrapolation of the finding of at least 57 piroplasmid species in only six domestic mammalian groups (cattle, sheep, goat, horse, dog, and cat) allows us to predict that a substantially higher number of piroplasmid parasites than vertebrate host species exist. Accordingly, the infection of a vertebrate host species by multiple piroplasmid species from the same and/or different phylogenetic lineages is commonly observed. Molecular phylogeny using 18S rRNA genes of piroplasmids infecting domestic mammals results in the formation of six clades, which emerge due to an anthropocentric research scope, but not due to a possibly assumed biological priority position. Scrutinizing the topology of inferred trees reveals stunning insights into some evolutionary patterns exhibited by this intriguing group of parasites. Contrary to expectations, diversification of parasite species appears to be dominated by host-parasite cospeciation (Fahrenholz's rule), and, except for piroplasmids that segregate into Clade VI, host switching is rarely observed. When only domestic mammalian hosts are taken into account, Babesia sensu lato (s.l.) parasites of Clades I and II infect only dogs and cats, respectively, Cytauxzoon spp. placed into Clade III only infect cats, Theileria placed into Clade IV exclusively infect horses, wheras Theileria sensu stricto (s.s.) of Clade V infects only cattle and small ruminants. In contrast, Babesia s.s. parasites of Clade VI infect all farm and companion animal species. We outline how the unique ability of transovarial transmission of Babesia s.s. piroplasmids of Clade VI facilitates species diversification by host switching to other host vertebrate species. Finally, a deterioration o...

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Variation in susceptibility of three Sudanese sheep ecotypes to natural infection with Theileria lestoquardi

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Prevalence, First Molecular Identification and Characterization of Theileria lestoquardi in Sheep in Alhuda National Sheep Research Station, Al Gezira State, Sudan

Prevalence, First Molecular Identification and Characterization of Theileria lestoquardi in Sheep in Alhuda National Sheep Research Station, Al Gezira State, Sudan

Malignant Ovine Theileriosis ( Theileria Lestoquardi ) : A Review

The Piroplasmida Babesia, Cytauxzoon, and Theileria in farm and companion animals: species compilation, molecular phylogeny, and evolutionary insights

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