Variation in scent emission among floral parts and inflorescence developmental stages in beetle-pollinated Protea species (Proteaceae)

Steenhuisen, Sandy–Lynn; Raguso, Robert A.; Jürgens, Andreas; Johnson, Steven D.

doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2010.08.008

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…; Proches and Johnson ; Steenhuisen et al. ). Bioassay experiments show that P. cinerascens is attracted to the overall scent of insect‐pollinated Leucadendron species (M. Welsford, unpubl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Gottsberger ; Steenhuisen et al. ). To assess differences in floral scent emission between insect‐ and wind‐pollinated Leucadendron species, we used dynamic headspace extraction to sample scent from male and female inflorescences of the 17 Leucadendron species between 0900 and 1500 h (the time of day insects are most active).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitidulid beetles are the most important insects involved in the pollination of Leucadendron species (Hattingh and Giliomee 1989;Welsford et al 2014) and volatiles are known to play a key role in attracting beetles to flowers (Thien et al 1975;Proctor et al 1996;Gottsberger 1999;Steenhuisen et al 2010). To assess differences in floral scent emission between insect-and windpollinated Leucadendron species, we used dynamic headspace extraction to sample scent from male and female inflorescences of the 17 Leucadendron species between 0900 and 1500 h (the time of day insects are most active).…”

Section: Floral Scentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The floral scent emission rate of wind-pollinated Schiedea adamantis (Caryophyllaceae), for example, is similar to that of insectpollinated Schiedea species (Jürgens et al 2012), possibly because scent compounds can play additional roles such as defense against floral herbivores (Kessler and Baldwin 2001;Pichersky and Gershenzon 2002). Insect-pollinated Leucadendron species are mostly pollinated by beetles, particularly Pria cinerascens (Nitidulidae; Hattingh and Giliomee 1989;Welsford et al 2014), and scent is known to be important as an attractant in beetlepollinated plants (Thien et al 1975;Proctor et al 1996;Gottsberger 1999;Jürgens et al 2000;Proches and Johnson 2009;Steenhuisen et al 2010). Bioassay experiments show that P. cinerascens is attracted to the overall scent of insect-pollinated Leucadendron species (M. Welsford, unpubl.…”

Section: Signaling Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Floral trait evolution associated with shifts between insect and wind pollination in the dioecious genusLeucadendron(Proteaceae)

et al. 2015

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Transitions between animal and wind pollination have occurred in many lineages and have been linked to various floral modifications, but these have seldom been assessed in a phylogenetic framework. In the dioecious genus Leucadendron (Proteaceae), transitions from insect to wind pollination have occurred at least four times. Using analyses that controlled for relatedness among Leucadendron species, we investigated how these transitions shaped the evolution of floral structural and signaling traits, including the degree of sexual dimorphism in these traits. Pollen grains of wind-pollinated species were found to be smaller, more numerous, and dispersed more efficiently in wind than were those of insect-pollinated species. Wind-pollinated species also exhibited a reduction in spectral contrast between showy subtending leaves and background foliage, reduced volatile emissions, and a greater degree of sexual dimorphism in color and scent. Uniovulate flowers and inflorescence condensation are conserved ancestral features in Leucadendron and likely served as exaptations in shifts to wind pollination. These results offer insights into the key modifications of male and female floral traits involved in transitions between insect and wind pollination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Floral Scentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Signaling Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Floral trait evolution associated with shifts between insect and wind pollination in the dioecious genusLeucadendron(Proteaceae)

et al. 2015

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“…were not found to be significantly higher in flowers inoculated with P. agglomerans. Acetoin is a 548 known product of sugar fermentation by microorganisms that can be prominent in the scent of floral 549 nectars (Steenhuisen et al, 2010). Helletsgruber et al (Helletsgruber et al, 2017) observed that 550 acetoin was present only in the floral scents of B. rapa plants inoculated with bacterial communities, 551…”

Section: Capacity Of P Agglomerans and P Syringae To Modify The Vocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria associated with flowers affect the reproductive success ofBrassica napusL.viascent-mediated interactions with pollinators

Farré‐Armengol

Junker

2019

Preprint

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Flowers are colonized by specific bacterial communities that have been shown to affect floral scent emission and pollinator behavior. Whether these effects translate into changes in the plants’ reproductive success remains unknown. In our study, flowers of Brassica napus were inoculated with the phyllospheric bacteria Pantoea agglomerans and Pseudomonas syringae. Next-generation 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of bacterial communities associated with flowers showed that inoculation was efficient and affected bacterial communities throughout the flowering time of individual flowers. Flowers of B. napus inoculated with P. agglomerans and P. syringae were preferred by pollinators in the field or in olfactometer assays. Presumably due to the increased visitation rates, inoculated plants produced more seeds of tendentially higher quality per flower. Floral scent emissions were affected by time after inoculation and by treatment with bacterial strains, potentially explaining the behavioral responses of pollinators. Controlled laboratory experiments showed that bacteria emit volatiles through their own metabolism and that the concentrations of some floral volatiles can be reduced by bacteria. Furthermore, our results also suggest that bacteria can use floral scent compounds as carbon sources. Our results demonstrate a significant effect of floral bacteria on the pollination and reproduction of entomophilous plants that is at least partly mediated by their effects on floral chemical signaling.

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Intrafloral patterns of color and scent in Capparis spinosa L. and the ghosts of its selection past

Kantsa

Garcia

Raguso

et al. 2022

American J of Botany

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Premise Capparis spinosa is a widespread charismatic plant, in which the nocturnal floral habit contrasts with the high visitation by diurnal bees and the pronounced scarcity of hawkmoths. To resolve this discrepancy and elucidate floral evolution of C. spinosa, we analyzed the intrafloral patterns of visual and olfactory cues in relation to the known sensory biases of the different visitor guilds (bees, butterflies, and hawkmoths). Methods We measured the intrafloral variation of scent, reflectance spectra, and colorimetric properties according to three guilds of known visitors of C. spinosa. Additionally, we sampled visitation rates using a motion‐activated camera. Results Carpenter bees visited the flowers eight times more frequently than nocturnal hawkmoths, at dusk and in the following morning. Yet, the floral headspace of C. spinosa contained a typical sphingophilous scent with high emission rates of certain monoterpenes and amino‐acid derived compounds. Visual cues included a special case of multisensory nectar guide and color patterns conspicuous to the visual systems of both hawkmoths and bees. Conclusions The intrafloral patterns of sensory stimuli suggest that hawkmoths have exerted strong historical selection on C. spinosa. Our study revealed two interesting paradoxes: (a) the flowers phenotypically biased towards the more inconsistent pollinator; and (b) floral display demands an abundance of resources that seems maladaptive in the habitats of C. spinosa. The transition to a binary pollination system accommodating large bees has not required phenotypic changes, owing to specific eco‐physiological adaptations, unrelated to pollination, which make this plant an unusual case in pollination ecology.

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Variation in scent emission among floral parts and inflorescence developmental stages in beetle-pollinated Protea species (Proteaceae)

Cited by 43 publications

References 42 publications

Floral trait evolution associated with shifts between insect and wind pollination in the dioecious genusLeucadendron(Proteaceae)

Floral trait evolution associated with shifts between insect and wind pollination in the dioecious genusLeucadendron(Proteaceae)

Bacteria associated with flowers affect the reproductive success ofBrassica napusL.viascent-mediated interactions with pollinators

Intrafloral patterns of color and scent in Capparis spinosa L. and the ghosts of its selection past

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