Variation in Root System Architecture Response to Arsenic during Establishment and Onset of Storage Root Formation in Two Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Cultivars

Abstract

The primary objective of this work was to generate species-specific information about root architectural adaptations to simulated natural levels of arsenic (As) during the establishment phase and onset of storage root formation in sweetpotato. Cultivars Bayou Belle and Beauregard were grown on sand substrate and provided with 0.5X Hoagland’s nutrient solution with varying levels of As (0, 5, 10, or 15 mg⋅L−1). During the first experiment, entire root systems were sampled at 5, 10, and 15 days, corresponding to key adventitious root developmental stages. Compared with the untreated controls at 15 days, ‘Bayou Belle’ and ‘Beauregard’ provided with 15 mg⋅L−1 As showed respective increases in the following root architectural attributes: 168% and 130% in main root length; 168% and 98% in lateral root length; and 140% and 50% in lateral root density. A second experiment was performed to produce storage root samples at 50 days. Storage root length, width, and length/width ratio did not vary with As levels. The accumulation of As in storage roots increased with increasing As levels. The results support the hypothesis that natural As levels stimulate adventitious root development in sweetpotato in a cultivar-dependent manner. The observations are consistent with findings of other species that show similar growth stimulation at low As levels. This is the first report of sweetpotato root system architecture responses to experimental levels of As that are known to be present in agricultural soils. Standardization of experimental procedures and understanding of root system adaptations to natural levels of As could lead to a more systematic exploitation of genome-wide techniques and characterization of the molecular basis of reduced As uptake in plants.