Variation in reproductive traits of members of the genus Canis with special attention to the domestic dog (Canis familiaris)

Lord, Kathryn; Feinstein, Mark; Smith, Bradley; Coppinger, Raymond

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2012.10.009

Cited by 136 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Adaptations to scavenging such as tameness, small body size, and a decreased age of reproduction would reduce hunting efficiency further, eventually leading to obligate scavenging (37). Whether these earliest dogs were simply human-commensal scavengers or they played some role as companions or hunters that hastened their spread is uncertain, but clearly adaptation to conditions outside this initial domestication origin [e.g., efficient starch digestion (38) and aseasonal breeding (39,40)] has also been important in dog evolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic structure in village dogs reveals a Central Asian domestication origin

Shannon

Boyko

Castelhano

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

195

186

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Dogs were the first domesticated species, originating at least 15,000 y ago from Eurasian gray wolves. Dogs today consist primarily of two specialized groups—a diverse set of nearly 400 pure breeds and a far more populous group of free-ranging animals adapted to a human commensal lifestyle (village dogs). Village dogs are more genetically diverse and geographically widespread than purebred dogs making them vital for unraveling dog population history. Using a semicustom 185,805-marker genotyping array, we conducted a large-scale survey of autosomal, mitochondrial, and Y chromosome diversity in 4,676 purebred dogs from 161 breeds and 549 village dogs from 38 countries. Geographic structure shows both isolation and gene flow have shaped genetic diversity in village dog populations. Some populations (notably those in the Neotropics and the South Pacific) are almost completely derived from European stock, whereas others are clearly admixed between indigenous and European dogs. Importantly, many populations—including those of Vietnam, India, and Egypt—show minimal evidence of European admixture. These populations exhibit a clear gradient of short-range linkage disequilibrium consistent with a Central Asian domestication origin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic structure in village dogs reveals a Central Asian domestication origin

Shannon

Boyko

Castelhano

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

195

186

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…When transferred to the northern hemisphere, Dingoes maintain their pattern of autumn mating and winter whelping, after circadian adjustment (Barker & Macintosh 1979;Kleiman 1968). In contrast to various ancient breeds of dogs, most modern domestic breeds do not have a seasonal pattern of breeding and can breed twice per year with females coming into estrus every seven months on average (Harrop 1960;Christie & Bell 1971;Lord et al 2013). Captive-bred hybrids between a Dingo and a typical Domestic Dog show a breeding pattern similar to that of Domestic Dogs with two breeding seasons that can occur throughout the year (Newsome et al 1973;Catling 1979).…”

Section: Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Wayward Dog: Is the Australian native dog or Dingo a distinct species?

Jackson

Groves

Flemming

et al. 2017

Zootaxa

100

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The taxonomic identity and status of the Australian Dingo has been unsettled and controversial since its initial description in 1792. Since that time it has been referred to by various names including Canis dingo, Canis lupus dingo, Canis familiaris and Canis familiaris dingo. Of these names C. l. dingo and C. f. dingo have been most often used, but it has recently been proposed that the Australian Dingo should be once again recognized as a full species-Canis dingo. There is an urgent need to address the instability of the names referring to the Dingo because of the consequences for management and policy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the morphological, genetic, ecological and biological data to determine the taxonomic relationships of the Dingo with the aim of confirming the correct scientific name. The recent proposal for Canis dingo as the most appropriate name is not sustainable under zoological nomenclature protocols nor based on the genetic and morphological evidence. Instead we proffer the name C. familiaris for all free-ranging dogs, regardless of breed and location throughout the world, including the Australian Dingo. The suggested nomenclature also provides a framework for managing free-ranging dogs including Dingoes, under Australian legislation and policy. The broad principles of nomenclature we discuss here apply to all free-roaming dogs that coexist with their hybrids, including the New Guinea Singing Dog.

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“…Readiness to play in domestic dogs may therefore simply be no more than a side-effect of breeding for other desirable traits, such as the truncation of the hunting sequence to produce herding, retrieving and guarding breeds (Coppinger et al, 1987), or linked to desirable physical features such as those contributing to "cuteness" (Sherman and Haidt, 2011). However, research into play in dogs has focused almost exclusively on companion dogs, and it has recently been estimated that worldwide these may be outnumbered by free-ranging dogs by three to one, even today (Lord et al, 2013): the selection pressures that shaped the extension of play into adulthood in the domestic dog may therefore not have been entirely or even primarily anthropogenic. Nevertheless, it is possible that over the course of domestication play has become an important component of social interaction between dog and man, and has thereby been selected for, with a general tendency towards playfulness then affecting intra-as well as inter-specific social play.…”

Section: Play In Domestic Carnivoramentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do adult dogs ‘play’?

Bradshaw

Pullen

Rooney

2015

Behavioural Processes

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Among the Carnivora, play behaviour is usually made up of motor patterns characteristic of predatory, agonistic and courtship behaviour. Domestic dogs are unusual in that play is routinely performed by adults, both socially, with conspecifics and with humans, and also asocially, with objects. This enhanced playfulness is commonly thought to be a side effect of paedomorphosis, the perpetuation of juvenile traits into adulthood, but here we suggest that the functions of the different types of play are sufficiently distinct that they are unlikely to have arisen through a single evolutionary mechanism. Solitary play with objects appears to be derived from predatory behaviour: preferred toys are those that can be dismembered, and a complex habituation-like feedback system inhibits play with objects that are resistant to alteration. Intraspecific social play is structurally different from interspecific play and may therefore be motivationally distinct and serve different goals; for example, dogs often compete over objects when playing with other dogs, but are usually more cooperative when the play partner is human. The majority of dogs do not seem to regard competitive games played with a human partner as "dominance" contests: rather, winning possession of objects during games appears to be simply rewarding. Play may be an important factor in sociality, since dogs are capable of extracting social information not only from games in which they participate, but also from games that they observe between third parties. We suggest that the domestic dog's characteristic playfulness in social contexts is an adaptive trait, selected during domestication to facilitate both training for specific purposes, and the formation of emotionally-based bonds between dog and owner. Play frequency and form may therefore be an indicator of the quality of dog-owner relationships.

show abstract

Variation in reproductive traits of members of the genus Canis with special attention to the domestic dog (Canis familiaris)

Cited by 136 publications

References 72 publications

Genetic structure in village dogs reveals a Central Asian domestication origin

Genetic structure in village dogs reveals a Central Asian domestication origin

The Wayward Dog: Is the Australian native dog or Dingo a distinct species?

Why do adult dogs ‘play’?

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