Variation in progenies of an Arachis hypogaea x diploid wild species hybrid

Stalker, H. T.; Wynne, J. C.

doi:10.1007/bf00038934

Cited by 46 publications

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“…There are at least three possible introgression pathways to A. hypogaea, and they all have variations depending upon the objective ofthe program and the availability of germplasm (Stalker et al, 1979;Simpson, 1991 hypogaea that plant transformation will be the likely method to introduce genes into the cultigen. d) Molecular methods of "inserting" genes into peanut that have been modestly successful and include use of Agrobacterium spp., electroporation, and direct DNA delivery techniques such as the gene gun, whiskers, and sonication.…”

Section: Possible Introgression Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, if a spanish or valencia market-type cultivar is used, the hexaploid will usually be somewhat fertile. This pathway has been used with some success in North Carolina (Smartt and Gregory, 1967;Stalker et al, 1979) and ICRISAT (Moss, 1985;ICRISAT, 1990). The program in North Carolina actually had a very fortuitous event at the first crossing, when they recovered a tetraploid plant from the progeny of the hexaploid (Smartt and Gregory, 1967;Stalker and Beute, 1993).…”

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Use of Wild Arachis Species/Introgression of Genes into A. hypogaea L.

Simpson

2001

Peanut Science

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Use of Wild Arachis Species/Introgression of Genes into A. hypogaea L.e. E. Simpson! Colchicine F. hybrid 2n = 3x = 30 and diligence their success rate improved over the next five decades (Gregory and Gregory, 1979;Krapovickas and Gregory, 1994).The first peanut cultivars released from interspecific hybridization were by Hammons (1970) and Simpson and Smith (1975). Hammons released cv. Spancross in 1970 from the cross A. hypogaea x A. monticola Krapov. and Rigoni, which was the same source of cv. Tamnut 74 released by Simpson and Smith. Neither ofthese cultivars had phenotypic characters that could be identified as derived from the wild species. In 1999, Simpson and Starr (2001) released the first root-knot nematode-resistant peanut cultivar, eGAN. This new cultivar contains a gene for the pest resistance which was transferred fromA. cardenasii Krapov. and w.e. Gregory in an intensive backcrossing program (Simpson, 1991).Several programs have released germplasm lines which have been derived from interspecific hybridization, including Simpson et al. (1993) and Stalker and Beute (1993). Possible Introgression PathwaysThere are at least three possible introgression pathways to A. hypogaea, and they all have variations depending upon the objective ofthe program and the availability of germplasm (Stalker et al., 1979;Simpson, 1991 hypogaea that plant transformation will be the likely method to introduce genes into the cultigen. d) Molecular methods of "inserting" genes into peanut that have been modestly successful and include use of Agrobacterium spp., electroporation, and direct DNA delivery techniques such as the gene gun, whiskers, and sonication. No releases have resulted.Keywords: Amphiploid, hybridization, interspecific, pathways.The desire to transfer genes from wild Arachis species into cultivated peanut has burned brightly since the 1940s when both w.e. Gregory and A. Krapovickas first attempted to cross wild peanuts with A. hypogaea L. Their first attempts were unsuccessful, but with continued effort IColchicine treatment I Figure 3 shows a diploid/tetraploid route where two wild Arachis species are doubled with colchicine, then the two amphiploids are hybridized to form a tetraploid hybrid that is crossed to A. hypogaea, provided the amphiploid hybrid is fertile enough to make the cross. This pathway has been attempted (C. Simpson, unpubl. data), but to date has proven unsuccessful as an introgression pathway. High levels of sterility are the major factor limiting this technique. Figure 4 shows a third diploid/tetraploid route that in~olves crossing two diploid wild Arachis species, doublmg the chromosome number of the hybrid, then crossing with A. hypogaea. This pathway was attempted in Texas (Simpson, 1991) but, without both A and B genome types in the crossing scheme, the success is limited greatly because of high sterility factors.Some of the sections/species of wild Arachis are so greatly isolated from A. hypogaea that biotechnology will be the only available method to introduce genes from them in...

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Section: Possible Introgression Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Use of Wild Arachis Species/Introgression of Genes into A. hypogaea L.

Simpson

2001

Peanut Science

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“…The majority of the wild species are diploid (2n = 2x = 20), whereas domesticated peanut is tetraploid (2n = 4x = 40), and crossing results in sterile triploids (2n = 3x =30). Various techniques such as cholchicine doubling have been used to restore fertility (Smartt and Gregory, 1967;Stalker et al, 1979;Simpson, 1991). Few seed are produced in initial hybrids and backcross generations, and only when the interspecific lines revert to the tetraploid chromosome level do more normal numbers of seed occur on plants.…”

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“…Lines have been self-pollinated for many generations and fertility restored to the tetraploid level (Stalker et al, 1979). Analysis by Garcia et al (1995) of 46 lines from one of these crosses (A. hypogaea x A. cardenasii Krap.…”

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Phenotypic and Molecular Evaluation of Interspecific Peanut (Arachis) Lines

et al. 2004

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Peanut breeders are constantly in search of new sources of genes that confer tolerance or resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses to improve the production and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate peanut lines generated from interspecific crosses for amounts of wild species introgression, including genes for resistance to peanut root-knot nematodes, tomato spotted wilt virus and leaf spot diseases. Nine diploid Arachis species were crossed with peanut breeding lines and 130 different interspecific hybrid lines were developed. These lines were evaluated for the amount of introgression using RFLP analyses, plant morphology, and disease resistant phenotypes. Based on RFLPs, 41 lines showed measurable introgression and 12 hexaploid-derived lines were polymorphic for at least four probes. Greenhouse and field evaluations indicated that resistance was not present in the lines tested for tomato spotted wilt virus, early leaf spot, or Cylindrocladium black rot. However, resistance approaching that of the wild species was found for the peanut root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria) among lines derived from crosses with Arachis diogoi, A. correntina, A. batizocoi, and A. cardenasii. Introgression lines were resistant (disease ratings of 1.5 to 4.5 and lesion numbers 8 to 63) compared to Southern Runner (ratings of 5.5 to 6 and lesion numbers of nearly 500) for late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) in field evaluations performed in Gainesville, FL over 2 yr. The greatest resistance was found among lines from crosses with A. batizocoi, A. duranensis,A. stenosperma,A. magma, andA. diogoi 65 molecular markers to tag resistance genes for use in conventional breeding programs and stack these genes in highly productive peanut cultivars.

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“…From matings n between a low-yielding A. hypoqea line and a wild diploid. Stalker et al (1979) selected four lines which yielded 56 to 68% more than the A. hypoqea parent. One line had a yield equal to NC5, an economi cally desirable variety.…”

Section: Introgression For Improvement Of Quantitative Traits In Cropmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introgression of wild germplasm into cultivated sorghum

Cox

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INFORMATION TO USERSThis reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted.The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity.2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame.3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of "sectioning" the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again-beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print.In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. Universi^ Micionlms International 1983Signature was redacted for privacy.Signature was redacted for privacy.Signature was redacted for privacy.ii GENERAL INTRODUCTIONWhereas introgression of genes from one race or species into an other has been a factor in the evolution of plants in nature, both natural and artificial introgression have played a part in the develop ment of many agricultural species. Stebbins (1970) outlined the sequence of events in natural intro gression: (1) hybridization, (2) backcrossing, and (3) stabilization of backcross types by selection. In nature, a direct hybrid between two very diverse parents is usually unadapted to the habitat of either parent and is at a selective disadvantage. Backcrossing, by producing progeny adapted to the habitat of one parent but containing small amounts of germplasm of the other, can permit an enduring transfer of genes.Likewise in plant breeding, crosses between cultivated strains and wild or weedy relatives usually produce very few or no agronomically acceptable progeny. suggested in the case of wide crosses that the breeder backcross...

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Variation in progenies of an Arachis hypogaea x diploid wild species hybrid

Cited by 46 publications

References 13 publications

Use of Wild Arachis Species/Introgression of Genes into A. hypogaea L.

Use of Wild Arachis Species/Introgression of Genes into A. hypogaea L.

Phenotypic and Molecular Evaluation of Interspecific Peanut (Arachis) Lines

Introgression of wild germplasm into cultivated sorghum

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