Variation in pottery use across the Early Neolithic in the Barcelona plain

Investigating livestock management in the early Neolithic archaeological site of Cabecicos Negros (Almería, Spain) from the organic residue analysis in pottery

“…The high abundance of animal fats detected in ceramic vessels is consistent with the faunal assemblages and reflects the presence of animals in the diet. Investigations of early Neolithic pottery in Iberian Peninsula [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] have revealed that ruminant (40%) and non-ruminant (20%) carcass fats were prevalent in pottery vessels with little evidence for the exploitation of dairy products (less than 10%).Pig remains are usually scarce in the peninsular sites of the early Neolithic (less than 20% of sites exceed 100 remains) 16,29 , despite the fact that it was already widespread throughout the Iberian Peninsula by the middle of the sixth millennium BC. This specie present the problem of its differentiation from the wild boar 15 .…”

Resinous deposits in Early Neolithic pottery vessels from the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula

“…Extracts were screened using gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC-FID) to identify samples with significant quantities of lipids. These were total lipid extracts above the 5 μg⋅g − 1 stablished thereshold (Evershed et al, 2008), which is the most frequently used for samples in the Iberian Peninsula (Breu et al, 2021;Cubas et al, 2020;Tarifa-Mateo et al, 2019). Selected cases were further analysed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the presence of resin biomarkers (see analytical details in supplementary SI2).…”

“…Detail of all the studied sites, their chronologies, sampled archaeological contexts and the number of vessels analysed using GC-FID and GC-MS. (Breu et al, 2021;Fontanals et al, 2008a;Blasco et al, 2011;Borrell et al, 2014;Cebrià et al, 2014;Gibaja et al, 2018;Gómez and Molist, 2017;González et al, 2011;Molist et al, 2018;Oms et al, 2016Oms et al, , 2014Piera et al, 2016) and sites mentioned in the text: Coves del Fem (11), La Draga (12), Codella (13), Bauma del Serrat del Pont ( 14), Cova 120 (15), Pendimoun ( 16) and Cueva del Toro (17).…”

“…Map of all the sampled sites from this study. (1) Caserna de Sant Pau, (2) Carrer Reina Amàlia, (3) Cova de Sant Llorenç, (4) Cova de Can Sadurní, (5) La Serreta, (6) Guixeres de Vilobí, (7) Cova de la Guineu, (8) El Cavet, (9) Cova de la Font Major and (10) El Molló (Breu et al, 2021;Fontanals et al, 2008a;Blasco et al, 2011;Borrell et al, 2014;Cebrià et al, 2014;Gibaja et al, 2018;Gómez and Molist, 2017;González et al, 2011;Molist et al, 2018;Oms et al, 2016Oms et al, , 2014Piera et al, 2016). and sites mentioned in the text: Coves del Fem (11), La Draga (12), Codella (13), Bauma del Serrat del Pont (14), Cova 120 (15), Pendimoun (16) and Cueva del Toro (17).…”

Bayesian mixing models as a tool to explore Bronze Age bitumen trade from Tell Lashkir (Erbil, Iraq)

“…Finally, the intersections of posterior probability distributions were calculated to quantify the total amount of a bitumen type in a group of samples. This, P(A ∩ B) = P(A)⋅P(B), has been successfully applied to both palaeodieary studies (Phillips et al, 2005(Phillips et al, , 2014Stock et al, 2018) and the analysis of lipid residues in archaeological artefacts (Breu et al, 2021). In this case, the overall quantity of TL's bitumen types in the early third millennium and early second millennium was calculated and used to create Figs.…”