Variation in phosphorus efficiency among 73 bread and durum wheat genotypes grown in a phosphorus-deficient calcareous soil

Abstract

A greenhouse experiment was carried out to study the severity of phosphorus (P) deficiency symptoms on leaves, shoot dry matter production, and shoot concentration and content (the total amount per shoot) of P in 39 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 34 durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) genotypes grown in a severely P-deficient calcareous soil with low (20 mg P kg −1 soil) and adequate (80 mg P kg −1 soil) P supply for 39 days. As the seed P concentration or content can affect plant performance under P-deficient conditions, the seeds of the genotypes used in the present study were also analyzed for P concentration. Phosphorus efficiency (relative shoot growth) of genotypes, calculated by the ratio of shoot dry matter production under low P to that under adequate P supply, significantly differed among the genotypes, and varied between 46.7% and 78.6%. Phosphorus efficiency ranged from 51% to 71% with an average of 61% for bread and from 47% to 79% with an average of 66% for durum wheat genotypes. There was no correlation between P efficiency ratio and P concentration of plants (R 2 = 0.0001), but P efficiency of all bread and durum wheat genotypes showed a very significant correlation with the P content (the total amount of P per shoot) (R 2 = 0.333 * * * ). The relationship between the P efficiency and total amount of P per shoot was much more significant in bread (R 2 = 0.341 * * * ) than in durum wheat (R 2 = 0.135 * ). Like shoot P concentrations, also severity of visible leaf symptoms of P deficiency on older leaves, including leaf chlorosis and necrosis, did not correlate with P efficiency. In most cases, genotypes showing higher P efficiency had higher absolute shoot dry weight under P deficient conditions. Under P deficient conditions, the absolute shoot dry weight very significantly correlated with shoot P content (R 2 = 0.665 * * * ), but the correlation between the absolute shoot dry weight and shoot P concentration tended to be negative. There was also variation in native seed P reserve of the genotypes, but this variation had no influence on the P efficiency. The results indicate that the total amount of P per shoot and shoot dry matter production at low P supply are most reliable parameters in ranking genotypes for P efficiency at early growth stage. In wheat germplasm tested in the present study, several wheat genotypes are available showing both very high P efficiency and very high shoot content and concentration of P suggesting that P acquisition ability should be most important mechanism for high P efficiency in such genotypes. On the other hand, there are also genotypes in the germplasm having more or less same P concentration or P content in shoot but differing substantially in P efficiency, indicating importance of P utilization at cellular level in P efficiency. All these results suggest that P efficiency mechanisms can be different from one genotype to other within a given plant species.

Effect of Phosphorus Application and Varieties on Grain Yield and Yield Components of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

“…The differences in genotypes to grow in P limited soils have been reported in several crops such as wheat (Gahoonia et al, 1999;Osborne and Rengel, 2002;Ozturk et al, 2005), maize (Hussein, 2009) and common bean (Fageria et al, 2010) which may be due to differences in changing rhizosphere pH, release of organic compounds, root surface area (Lynch and Brown, 2001;Gahoonia and Nielsen, 2004), production and secretion of phosphatase enzymes by the roots (Yun and Kaeppler, 2001;Wasaki et al, 2003) and use of acquired P in dry matter production (Fohse et al, 1988;Clark and Duncan, 1991). The present experiment was conducted to determine grain yield and yield components and agronomic efficiency of common bean varieties at different P rates.…”

Phosphate Utilization Efficiency Correlates with Expression of Low-Affinity Phosphate Transporters and Noncoding RNA, IPS1, in Barley

“…PAE refers to the ability of the plant to mobilize P from poorly soluble sources and/or to take up the soluble Pi available in the soil solution (Narang et al, 2000), whereas PUE is the amount of biomass produced per unit of acquired P (Ozturk et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2010). PAE is considered to be a major component of overall P efficiency (Ozturk et al, 2005;Ismail et al, 2007;Ramaekers et al, 2010), but PUE can influence PAE.…”

“…PAE refers to the ability of the plant to mobilize P from poorly soluble sources and/or to take up the soluble Pi available in the soil solution (Narang et al, 2000), whereas PUE is the amount of biomass produced per unit of acquired P (Ozturk et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2010). PAE is considered to be a major component of overall P efficiency (Ozturk et al, 2005;Ismail et al, 2007;Ramaekers et al, 2010), but PUE can influence PAE. P supply to plants is often fluctuating; therefore, P remobilization within the plant is critical for plant survival (Drew and Saker, 1984;Marschner and Cakmak, 1986;Jeschke et al, 1997;Vance et al, 2003;Huang et al, 2008).…”

“…Considerable genetic variation in PAE and PUE has been reported in a wide range of barley and wheat genotypes (Gahoonia and Nielsen, 1996;Manske et al, 2001;Ozturk et al, 2005;Liao et al, 2008;George et al, 2011), but there have been few studies on the genetic variation in expression levels of Pi transporters and the relationships between the expression of Pi transporters and PAE or PUE (Ramaekers et al, 2010). To address this issue, we used barley, a diploid relative of hexaploid wheat, as a model system for winter cereals to study the functions of PHT1 genes involved in the acquisition and remobilization of Pi (Preuss et al, 2010(Preuss et al, , 2011.…”

Effect of phosphorus on arsenic uptake and metabolism in rice cultivars differing in phosphorus use efficiency and response

“…When comes to PUE evaluation there are many discrepancies in the terminology, definitions and calculations (Siddiqi and Glass 1981, Ozturk et al 2005, Wissuwa et al 2015. Siddiqi and Glass (1981) use total plant biomass, Wissuwa et al (2015) focused on shoot biomass and agronomic PUE refers to the increase in yield of a variety following the addition of P fertilizer.…”