Variation in Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Salvadora oleoides Decene. and Salvadora persica L. Fruits and Aerial Part Extracts

Abstract

(1) Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of Salvadora oleoides (S. oleoides) and Salvadora persica (S. persica) polyphenols as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. (2) Methods: Aerial parts and fruits of S. oleoides and S. persica were collected from the periphery of District Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan. Methanol extracts were prepared using the Soxhlet extraction technique. Extract yield varied from 8.15 to 19.6 g/100 g dry plant material. RP-HPLC revealed the detection of thirteen phenolic aids and five flavonoids. Gallic acid, hydroxy benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, and cinamic acid were the major phenolic acids, whereas catechin, rutin, and myricetin were the flavonoids detected. (3) Results: Maximum total phenolic contents (TPCs) (22.2 mg/g of dry plant material) and total flavonoid contents (TFCs) (6.17 mg/g of dry plant material) were found in the fruit extract of S. persica, and the minimum TPC (11.9 mg/g) and TFC (1.72 mg/g) were found in the aerial part of S. oleoides. The fruit extract of S. persica showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of all the extracts was performed on albumin-induced rat paw edema that was comparable with the standard indomethacin; S. persica fruit extract showed remarkable anti-inflammatory activity. Analgesic activity of aerial part and fruit extracts of S. oleoides and S. persica was investigated using a mouse model, and the results showed that maximum possible analgesia of fruit extracts of S. persica was 53.44%, which is better than the PC group (52.98%). (4) Conclusions: The variations in the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of methanolic extracts of S. oleoides and S. persica were found to be significant, and they have therapeutic potential as antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory agents.

Evaluation of Clinical Efficacy of Biodegradable Chip Containing Salvadora persica Extract in Chitosan Base as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planning in the Management of Periodontitis

“…17 Moreover, S. persica has demonstrated its efficacy as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent through multiple trials, exhibiting therapeutic properties. 26 It modifies the structure of nitric oxide synthase isoforms and reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF, and IFN. 27,28 Additionally, it enhances the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects at the site of inflammation.…”

Chitosan-Polyphenol Conjugates for Human Health

“…Polyphenols attract immense attention for their potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical impacts on human health, due to their inherent biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-allergic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-diabetic, and antiviral [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. They also keep blood vessels healthy and flexible by managing Life 2022, 12, 1768 2 of 23 blood pressure levels that is helpful for good blood circulation [31][32][33].…”

Harnessing the Power of Plants: A Green Factory for Bioactive Compounds

“…Similarly, the study by Hussain and colleagues demonstrated that polyphenols extracted from Salvadora oleoides Decene. and Salvadora persica L. fruit and aerial parts could potentially be used as antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory agents [9]. Other than having applications as nutraceuticals and therapeutics, plant-derived compounds can also be used as pesticides.…”