“…Investment in monumental structures, in fact, seems to be quite a pervasive feature of the transition to sedentary social environments, though in most places in the world, this transition took place well into the Holocene: there is evidence of it in North America, Central America, South America, and China (Hass and Creamer 2006;Coon 2009;Renfrew 2013;Zhang, Bevan, and Guo 2013). In some places, these monumental sructures seem to be associated with competitive interactions between larger social groups (Coon 2009), but in others, as at Gobeke Tepe, we see large-scale investment in ideological infrastucture but without any signs of group-group conflict (Hass and Creamer 2006). I return to this point and its significance in the final section.…”