Variation in normal tissue responsiveness to WR-2721

Yuhas, John M.; Afzal, S.M.J.; Afzal, Veena

doi:10.1016/0360-3016(84)90498-x

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Several in vivo experiments have been carried out to measure the extent of normal tissue protection by amifostine over a wide range of inspired oxygen concentrations (26,33,34,36,37,40). In vivo studies using the skin clone system in mice (36) have clearly demonstrated that skin protection by amifostine varies markedly with oxygen concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Amifostine on Radiation-induced Cardiac Damage

2003

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Amifostine on Radiation-induced Cardiac Damage

2003

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“…A three-stage approach to screening and assessment of RAs is recommended for preclinical R&D of the RAs [134] . In stage I, maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and toxicity of the agent are determined using Good Laboratory Practices or GLP [135] , a quality system of management controls for laboratories to ensue the uniformity, consistency, reliability, reproducibility, quality and integrity of chemical nonclinical safety tests from physiochemical properties through acute to chronic toxicity tests in nonclinical research.…”

Section: Strategies For and Challenge Of Ra Randdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research and Development of Radioprotective Agents: A Mini-Review

Saaya

Katsube

Xie

et al. 2017

International Journal of Radiology

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The research and development (R&D) of radioprotective agents (RAs) have been conducting since seven decades ago, and the safety and protection against undesirable effects of ionizing radiation (IR) has become an important issue especially for the benefit of patients receiving the radiotherapy, in addition to the applications in nuclear industry, military, outer space exploration and accidental exposures. Although the technology advancement makes the radiotherapy a promising better treatment by maximizing the effect of IR to the cancer cells, there are still needs for improvement in minimizing the toxicity to the normal cells. Aiming at providing the new researchers in the radiation protection field with an overall view for R&D of the RAs, this mini-review elucidates in brief a general understanding of the IR and its effects on the cell, the concepts of radiotherapy and therapeutic ratio, the categories of RAs and their mechanisms, and discusses on the strategies and challenge for R&D of the RAs.

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“…Amifostine levels rapidly increased in most normal tissues compared to tumor after injection, and the levels plateaued in approximately 10–15 min (28). Bone marrow was not evaluated for Amifostine uptake in these studies, but other studies did examine radiolabeled Amifostine pharmacology in bone marrow and skin, where the distribution of the drug was found to be heterogeneous (29). Interestingly, the bone marrow, skin, thymus and liver are normal tissues that reside in lower oxygen tensions than most other normal tissues (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Incidence in C3H Mice Protected from Lethal Total-Body Radiation after Amifostine

et al. 2018

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Amifostine is a potent antioxidant that protects against ionizing radiation effects. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Amifostine administered before total-body irradiation (TBI), at a drug dose that protects against TBI lethality, for potential protection against radiation-induced late effects such as a shortened lifespan and cancer. Three groups of mice were studied: 0 Gy control; 10.8 Gy TBI with Amifostine pretreatment; and 5.4 Gy TBI alone. Animals were monitored for their entire lifespan. The median survival times for mice receiving 0, 5.4 or 10.8 Gy TBI were 706, 460 and 491 days, respectively. Median survival of both irradiated groups was significantly shorter compared to nonirradiated mice (P < 0.0001). Cancer incidence (hematopoietic and solid tumors) was similar between the irradiated groups and was significantly greater than for the 0 Gy controls. The ratio of hematopoietic-to-solid tumors differed among the groups, with the 5.4 Gy group having a higher incidence of hematopoietic neoplasms compared to the 10.8 Gy/Amifostine group (1.8-fold). Solid tumor incidence was greater in the 10.8 Gy/Amifostine group (1.6-fold). There are few mouse lifespan studies for agents that protect against radiation-induced lethality. Mice treated with 10.8 Gy/Amifostine yielded a lower incidence of hematopoietic neoplasms and higher incidence of solid neoplasms. In conclusion, mice protected from lethal TBI have a shortened lifespan, due in large part to cancer induction after exposure compared to nonexposed controls. Amifostine treatment did protect against radiation-induced hematopoietic tumors, while protection against solid neoplasms was significant but incomplete.

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Variation in normal tissue responsiveness to WR-2721

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of Amifostine on Radiation-induced Cardiac Damage

Effects of Amifostine on Radiation-induced Cardiac Damage

Research and Development of Radioprotective Agents: A Mini-Review

Cancer Incidence in C3H Mice Protected from Lethal Total-Body Radiation after Amifostine

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