Variation in lipid and fatty acid uptake among nematode and cestode parasites and their host, domestic fowl: host–parasite interaction

Mondal, Madhumita; Kundu, Jayanta; Misra, K. K.

doi:10.1007/s12639-015-0718-5

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Neutral-lipid and glycolipid uptake have been observed in parasitic nematodes, and, although the actual mechanism of lipid absorption has not been investigated, it is likely to be a form of diffusion 53 . Because of the www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ chemical properties of lipids, they must be transported through aqueous environments by other molecules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid profile of Trichinella papuae muscle-stage larvae

Mangmee

Adisakwattana

Tipthara

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Outbreaks of trichinellosis caused by Trichinella papuae have been reported in SouthEast Asia. Mebendazole and thiabendazole are the treatments of choice for trichinellosis; however, both drugs result in significant side effects and are less effective for muscle-stage larvae (L1). An alternative therapeutic agent is needed to improve treatment. Information on lipid composition and metabolic pathways may bridge gaps in our knowledge and lead to new antiparasitics. The T. papuae L1 lipidome was analysed using a mass spectrometry-based approach, and 403 lipid components were identified. Eight lipid classes were found and glycerophospholipids were dominant, corresponding to 63% of total lipids, of which the glycerolipid DG (20:1[11Z]/22:4[7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z]/0:0) (iso2) was the most abundant. Overall, 57% of T. papuae lipids were absent in humans; therefore, lipid metabolism may be dissimilar in the two species. Proteins involved T. papuae lipid metabolism were explored using bioinformatics. We found that 4-hydroxybutyrate coenzyme A transferase, uncharacterized protein (A0A0V1MCB5) and ML-domain-containing protein are not present in humans. T. papuae glycerophospholipid metabolic and phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylation processes contain several proteins that are dissimilar to those in humans. These findings provide insights into T. papuae lipid composition and metabolism, which may facilitate the development of novel trichinellosis treatments. Trichinella is a genus of parasitic roundworms that cause trichinosis, also known as trichinellosis, which infect domestic and sylvatic animals. The number of global outbreaks appears to have sharply increased, reflecting changes in the parasites' epidemiology 1. In SouthEast Asia, outbreaks of trichinellosis caused by T. papuae occurred in 2006 2 and 2007 3. T. papuae, which belongs to the non-encapsulated trichinella clade, lives predominantly in tropical rainforests 4. Ingestion of raw meat containing parasite cysts leads to infection, and the larvae released from adult females invade host muscles resulting in trichinellosis pathology. Common symptoms are eye puffiness, splinter haemorrhaging, nonspecific gastroenteritis, and muscle pain 5. Trichinosis treatment is based on anti-inflammatory drugs and anthelmintics, such as mebendazole and albendazole 6 ; however, the effectiveness of anthelmintic treatment is an issue of debate. In the treatment of myositis during a trichinellosis outbreak in Thailand, mebendazole and thiabendazole were found to be more efficient than placebo or fluconazole. However, 30% of volunteers could not tolerate the side effects of thiabendazole 7. In addition, in a trial during an outbreak in Italy, between 3% and 45% of patients had a recurrence of various symptoms after a 10-day mebendazole course 8. Generally, anthelmintic therapy is only considered effective during the intestinal phase of infection, and the drug has poor drug effectiveness in the muscle phase 9. To improve the effectiveness of the treatment, an alternative therapeutic agent may...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid profile of Trichinella papuae muscle-stage larvae

Mangmee

Adisakwattana

Tipthara

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…In addition, compared to DMEM and Ham’s F-12, RPMI 1640 medium is comparatively lower in terms of content of a variety of inorganic salts and lacks sources of certain ions, such as copper, iron, and zinc [ 64 , 65 ], which could have contributed to the poor growth and motility of the parasite. In comparison, the high levels of glucose, vitamins [ 63 ], and amino acids [ 66 ] in DMEM may be important energy sources for sustaining parasite motility, while the diversified components in Ham’s F-12, including diamines [ 67 ], polyunsaturated fatty acid [ 68 ], organosulfur compound, purine, and pyrimidine [ 69 ], may contribute to the initiation of microfilaria development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental regulation of Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae and evaluation of ecdysone signaling pathway transcript level using droplet digital PCR

Kuan

Prichard

2020

Parasites Vectors

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Background Current measures for the prevention of dirofilariasis, caused by the dog heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, rely on macrocyclic lactones, but evidence of drug-resistant isolates has called for alternative approaches to disease intervention. As microfilariae are known to be in a state of developmental arrest in their mammalian host and then undergo two molts once inside the arthropod, the aim of this study was to look at the developmental regulation of D. immitis microfilariae that occurs in their arthropod host using in vitro approaches and to investigate the role of the ecdysone signaling system in this development regulation. Methods Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae extracted from dog blood were incubated under various culture conditions to identify those most suitable for in vitro culture and development of the microfilariae, and to determine the effects of fetal bovine serum (FBS), mosquito cells, and ecdysteroid on the development of the microfilariae. Transcript levels of the ecdysone signaling pathway components were measured with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Results In vitro conditions that best promote early development of D. immitis microfilariae to the “late sausage stage” have been identified, although shedding of the cuticle was not observed. FBS had inhibitory effects on the development and motility of the microfilariae, but media conditioned with Anopheles gambiae cells were favorable to microfilarial growth. The transcript level study using ddPCR also showed that ecdysone signaling system components were upregulated in developing microfilariae and that 20-hydroxyecdysone increased the proportion of larvae developing to the sausage and late sausage stages in vitro. Conclusions The arthropod host environment provides cues required for the rapid development of D. immitis microfilariae, and the ecdysone signaling system may play an important role in filarial nematode developmental transitions. This study contributes to a better understanding of the developmental process of D. immitis microfilariae.

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“…In addition, compared to DMEM and Ham's F-12, RPMI 1640 is comparatively lower in the variety of inorganic salts and lacks in sources of certain ions, such as copper, iron, and zinc [50,51], which could have contributed to the poor growth and motility of the parasite. On the other hand, high levels of glucose, vitamins [49], and amino acids [52] in DMEM may be important energy sources for sustaining parasite motility, while the diversi ed components in Ham's F-12, including diamines [53], polyunsaturated fatty acid [54], organosulfur compound, purine and pyrimidine [55], may contribute to the initiation of micro laria development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Regulation of Dirofilaria Immitis Microfilariae and Evaluation of Ecdysone Signaling Pathway Transcript Level Using Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction

Kuan¹,

Prichard²

2020

Preprint

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BackgroundCurrent Dirofilaria immitis prevention relies on macrocyclic lactones but evidence of drug-resistant isolates has called for the need for alternative approaches to disease intervention. As microfilariae are known to be in a state of developmental arrest in their mammalian host and then undergo a rapid molt once inside the arthropod, this study aimed to look at the developmental regulation of D. immitis microfilariae that occurs in their arthropod host using in vitro approaches and to investigate the role of the ecdysone signaling system in this development.MethodsD. immitis microfilariae extracted from dog blood were incubated in various media conditions to identify suitable conditions for in vitro culture and development, and to determine the effects of FBS, mosquito cells, and ecdysteroid on the development of the microfilariae. Transcript level of the ecdysone signaling pathway components were measured with droplet digital PCR.ResultsIn vitro conditions that best promote early development of D. immitis microfilariae to the “late sausage stage” have been identified. FBS showed inhibitory effects on the development and motility of the microfilariae, but media conditioned with Anopheles gambiae cells was favorable to microfilarial growth. Transcript level study using droplet digital PCR also showed that developing microfilariae displayed upregulation of the ecdysone signaling system components, and 20‑hydroxyecdysone increased the proportion of larvae developing to the sausage and late sausage stages in vitro.ConclusionsThe arthropod host environment provides cues required for the rapid development of the D. immitis microfilariae and the ecdysone signaling system may play an important role in filarial nematode developmental transitions. This study contributes to a better understanding the developmental process of D. immitis microfilariae.

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Variation in lipid and fatty acid uptake among nematode and cestode parasites and their host, domestic fowl: host–parasite interaction

Cited by 12 publications

References 71 publications

Lipid profile of Trichinella papuae muscle-stage larvae

Lipid profile of Trichinella papuae muscle-stage larvae

Developmental regulation of Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae and evaluation of ecdysone signaling pathway transcript level using droplet digital PCR

Developmental Regulation of Dirofilaria Immitis Microfilariae and Evaluation of Ecdysone Signaling Pathway Transcript Level Using Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction

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